Minneapolis Uprising: The Murder of George Floyd

November 2020

Presidential election, mass arrests and Stop the Steal Protests

November 1–30, 2020 Minneapolis

November 2020 in Minneapolis unfolded amid a decisive national election and an ongoing local reckoning over policing, racial justice, and the future of public safety policy. Protest activity during the month reflected a sustained phase of organizing rather than the mass demonstrations of earlier in the year. Marches, rallies, and community gatherings continued across the city as residents pressed for structural reform, accountability in pending criminal cases against former officers, and clarity about the long-term status of George Floyd Square at 38th Street and Chicago Avenue.

The November 3 presidential election intensified public engagement throughout Minneapolis. Security preparations and public messaging underscored concerns about potential unrest tied to national political tensions and uncertainty in the vote count. At the same time, neighborhood rallies, sign-waving events, car caravans, and other civic actions emphasized voter participation, political accountability, and the direction of local and federal leadership. The month was characterized more by organized advocacy and political mobilization than by widespread property damage.

Throughout November, George Floyd Square remained an active, community-managed memorial space and gathering site, symbolizing both commemoration and ongoing demands for systemic change. Policy discussions continued around restructuring public safety and redefining the role of the Minneapolis Police Department—debates that would carry into the following year’s ballot initiatives. November reflects a period of sustained civic pressure and institutional debate, as Minneapolis navigated political transition, memorialization, and long-term reform efforts within the broader arc of the racial justice movement.

Key dates

November 3, 2020 — U.S. presidential election; rallies, demonstrations, and civic actions occur throughout Minneapolis amid concerns over potential unrest.
November 2020 — Ongoing marches and organizing focus on public safety reform, racial justice policy, and the future of George Floyd Square.
November 2020 — Continued community-led stewardship of George Floyd Square at 38th Street & Chicago as both memorial and protest space.
November 2020 — City and state officials maintain heightened security planning tied to national election uncertainty.

← Prev

Year Index

Protester holding sign reading "PUBLIC SAFETY SHOULD BE PROACTIVE NOT REACTIVE" during Minneapolis march at Mayor Frey's — *November 2, 2020* — A hand-lettered sign reading "PUBLIC SAFETY SHOULD BE PROACTIVE NOT REACTIVE" appears during a march through Northeast Minneapolis on November 2, 2020. Demonstrators walked from Holmes Park to Mayor Jacob Frey's residence, calling on the city to address rising homelessness rather than respond only after problems escalate. The route passed Old Town Saloon on Hennepin Avenue, a longtime bar in the Marcy-Holmes neighborhood.

Housing protest outside Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey's home disrupted by men carrying American and Thin Blue Line flags. — *November 2, 2020* — A housing protest outside Mayor Jacob Frey's home in Northeast Minneapolis drew a confrontation with counter-demonstrators. Two men wearing "Make America Great Again" caps carried an American flag alongside a Thin Blue Line flag, a symbol associated with pro-police messaging that has become common at counter-protests since 2014. The exchange took place amid a broader wave of demonstrations demanding action on homelessness and housing policy in Minneapolis following the unrest of 2020.

Protest sign reading "Bye Bye Mayor Frey Evicted" held outside Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey's residence. — *November 2, 2020* — Jacob Frey has served as mayor of Minneapolis since 2018, following an earlier term on the city council representing the city's Third Ward. His administration drew sustained criticism over its handling of homelessness and encampment closures, as well as its response to policing after the killing of George Floyd in 2020. Protesters gathered outside his residence to demand his resignation, part of a wider pattern of demonstrations that targeted his home throughout that period. The sign's reference to "BLM, NLM, ULM, Justice" points to overlapping coalitions — Black Lives Matter, Native Lives Matter, and allied justice groups — that organized jointly in Minneapolis during 2020.

Residents stand on apartment balconies overlooking a homelessness protest march in northeast Minneapolis. — *November 2, 2020* — Residents step onto their balconies to watch a march pass below in northeast Minneapolis.

Protesters gather around a large banner reading "EVICTION NOTICE JACOB FREY SIGNED BY THE PEOPLE" during a housing demonstration — *November 2, 2020* — A banner reading "EVICTION NOTICE JACOB FREY SIGNED BY THE PEOPLE" was laid on the sidewalk outside Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey's home in Northeast Minneapolis. The demonstration called attention to the city's handling of homelessness and encampment policy under Frey's administration. One protester carried a sign reading "NO EVICTIONS ON STOLEN LAND," tying the housing dispute to broader arguments about Indigenous land rights.

Pedestrians and diners gather on a Northeast Minneapolis street during a housing protest on Hennepin Avenue. — *November 2, 2020* — This demonstration over housing and homelessness passed along Hennepin Avenue near Bishops Barbershop, a stretch of Northeast Minneapolis lined with restaurants and retail storefronts. The march took place on November 2, 2020, the night before the U.S. presidential election, as organizers pressed Mayor Jacob Frey's administration on the city's rising number of unsheltered residents. Patio heaters and outdoor seating along the block reflect Minneapolis restaurants' pandemic-era shift to expanded outdoor dining, a practice the city fast-tracked through temporary permitting that year.

"Vote Here" sign outside Westminster Presbyterian Church in downtown Minneapolis during the 2020 election. — *November 3, 2020* — Westminster Presbyterian Church sits at Nicollet Mall and 12th Street in downtown Minneapolis. Founded in 1857, it's one of the city's oldest congregations and has occupied its current Romanesque-style building since 1897. On this Election Day, a digital marquee reading "Vote by Nov. 3!" stood alongside a sidewalk sign marking the church as a polling location. Churches and other community institutions across Minneapolis regularly polling sites during municipal, state, and federal elections.

Cyclists and pedestrians move through downtown Minneapolis's Nicollet Mall, where plywood boards cover ground-floor storefronts. — *November 3, 2020* — Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis with plywood covers on many ground-floor storefronts in the months after the unrest that followed George Floyd's killing in May 2020.

Hennepin and Lagoon Avenue intersection in Uptown Minneapolis at night with illuminated storefronts and traffic. — *November 3, 2020* — Hennepin Avenue crosses Lagoon Avenue at the center of Minneapolis's Uptown neighborhood, a commercial strip that grew up around the Lagoon Theater and streetcar lines running through the district in the early 20th century. Williams Uptown Pub & Cafe has operated near this corner for decades, part of a stretch of bars and restaurants that made Uptown a nightlife destination for the city. The intersection sits a few blocks from the Chain of Lakes, connecting the neighborhood's residential streets to its retail core along Hennepin and Lake Street.

Graffiti art covers protective boards on the John Fluevog store at Hennepin and Lagoon Avenues in Uptown Minneapolis. — *November 3, 2020* — The plywood covering John Fluevog's storefront on Hennepin Avenue became a canvas for hand-lettered messages and drawings, including references to James Baldwin, Grace Jones, and the phrase "Love Is Not Dead." The shoe retailer, known for its avant-garde designs since founding in Vancouver in 1970, operates a location here in Uptown Minneapolis near the corner of Lagoon Avenue. Business owners across the city boarded up storefronts for protection following the unrest that spread after George Floyd's killing in May 2020, and many of those boards were later turned into sites for murals and text-based artwork by local artists.

AT&T retail store on Lake Street in Uptown Minneapolis with boarded windows at night. — *November 3, 2020* — This AT&T store sits on Lake Street in Uptown Minneapolis, a commercial corridor that saw widespread property damage after the killing of George Floyd in May 2020. Many businesses along the strip boarded their windows in the aftermath and kept the plywood up for months afterward, some using it as makeshift signage during reconstruction. A "Now Open" banner on the boards here signals the store's return to business despite the unfinished repairs. Lake Street has long served as one of South Minneapolis's primary retail and transit corridors, connecting the Midtown Greenway to neighborhoods stretching from Uptown to the Mississippi River.

Law enforcement officers conduct arrests at Bryant Square Park in Minneapolis on Election Night. — *November 3, 2020* — Bryant Square Park sits at Bryant Avenue South and West 31st Street in the Uptown neighborhood of Minneapolis, a few blocks from the corridor where a march passed earlier that night. Officers from the Minneapolis Police Department, Minneapolis Park Police, and Hennepin County Sheriff's Office converged on the park following the demonstration, making a series of arrests. The operation came on Election Night 2020, months after the killing of George Floyd had drawn sustained protest activity to Minneapolis streets and parks.

Police arrest protesters at Bryant Square Park in Minneapolis on election night, November 3, 2020. — *November 3, 2020* — Bryant Square Park, a public park in the Uptown neighborhood of Minneapolis, was the site of arrests following a protest march on the night of November 3, 2020. Officers from the Minneapolis Police Department, Minneapolis Park Police, and Hennepin County Sheriff's Office took part in detaining marchers after the group arrived at the park. That night's demonstration was one of several held across the city as results from the 2020 presidential election came in.

Minneapolis Police officers conduct arrests at Bryant Square Park in Uptown Minneapolis on election night. — *November 3, 2020* — Bryant Square Park sits in the Uptown neighborhood of Minneapolis, at the corner of Bryant Avenue South and 33rd Street. The park has served as a gathering point for marches and demonstrations in the years since George Floyd's death in police custody in May 2020. On the night of November 3, 2020, Minneapolis Police officers and members of the press assembled near the park as a march moved through the area, part of a wider pattern of protest activity that continued across the city into the fall election season.

Minneapolis Police officer stands in street during election night protest in Uptown Minneapolis. — *November 3, 2020* — A Minneapolis police officer stands watch beside a squad car during an election night protest in Uptown Minneapolis on November 3, 2020. Officers deployed in tactical gear and rifles that night as marches moved through the neighborhood toward Bryant Square Park, where police made several arrests. The response came amid a broader wave of unrest that had gripped Minneapolis for months following George Floyd's killing that May, with departments across the city on heightened alert for potential Election Day disturbances.

Target storefront in Uptown Minneapolis with graffiti reading "Stand Up Fight Back" and "Free Stuff" on its windows. — *November 3, 2020* — Target's Uptown Minneapolis store sits at 900 W Lake Street, a location that opened in 2018 as part of a mixed-use development along the Lake Street corridor. The entrance doors were tagged with "Stand Up Fight Back" and "Free Stuff!" after a night march down Lake Street. Target boarded and reinforced several Minneapolis-area stores that year following repeated break-ins and vandalism at its locations.

Saks Off 5th Avenue storefront in Downtown Minneapolis displays boarded windows with civic unity signs. — *November 4, 2020* — The Saks Off 5th storefront on Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis stands boarded in plywood, with two posters reading "100% In For Democracy" and "Stronger Together, Better Together, Always Together." Both bear the logo of the Civic Alliance, a nonpartisan coalition of U.S. companies formed in 2020 to encourage voter participation and support election integrity. Saks Off 5th, the discount division of Saks Fifth Avenue, joined dozens of national retailers that boarded storefronts ahead of the 2020 presidential election, anticipating possible unrest tied to the vote count. The image was captured on Election Day, November 4, 2020.

News helicopter flying over Minneapolis City Hall's spires against a blue sky. — *November 4, 2020* — Minneapolis City Hall, completed in 1906, houses the seat of government for both the city and Hennepin County under one Romanesque Revival roof. Its clock tower rises 345 feet, making it one of the taller landmarks on the downtown skyline. The building was designed by Long and Kees and remains listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

A protester holds a Freedom Road Socialist Organization sign reading "The Whole Damn System Is Guilty as Hell." — *November 4, 2020* — Freedom Road Socialist Organization is a Marxist-Leninist group founded in the 1980s that organizes around anti-capitalist and anti-police causes in cities including Minneapolis. The phrase "the whole damn system is guilty as hell" has circulated in leftist protest movements since the 1970s, often invoked after police killings to argue that reform efforts fall short of addressing root causes.

Protesters hold a banner reading "No Killer Cops Ice Raids US Wars Black Native Stolen Lives Matter" during a Minneapolis march. — *November 4, 2020* — The banner reading "No Killer Cops, ICE Raids, US Wars, Black Native Stolen Lives Matter" appeared during a nighttime march along Cedar Avenue in Minneapolis's West Bank neighborhood on November 4, 2020, the night after the presidential election. The route passed the storefront of Midwest Mountaineering, a longtime outdoor-gear retailer at 309 Cedar Avenue South. The demonstration linked opposition to police killings with calls against immigration raids and foreign wars, continuing demands raised during the protests that followed George Floyd's killing by Minneapolis police in May 2020.

Crowd of protesters gathers in downtown Minneapolis at night near U.S. Bank Stadium during November 2020 march. — *November 4, 2020* — Crowds gathered near U.S. Bank Stadium on the night of November 4, 2020, the evening after Election Day, before marching toward Interstate 94. Minnesota State Patrol and Minneapolis police later arrested 646 people for occupying the highway, the largest mass arrest in state history.

Night protest march on Interstate 94 in Minneapolis with participants carrying signs and banners for social justice. — *November 4, 2020* — This march moved onto Interstate 94 near downtown Minneapolis, shutting down a stretch of the freeway that links the city's core to neighborhoods on its edges. Demonstrators carried signs and a banner reading "All Power to the People," part of a wave of protests that followed the 2020 election. Minnesota State Patrol and Minneapolis police later closed in on marchers on the freeway, leading to roughly 646 arrests and citations — one of the largest mass detentions in the state's history.

Nighttime protest on Interstate 94 in Minneapolis with hundreds of demonstrators holding signs and banners advocating for police — *November 4, 2020* — Interstate 94 cuts through downtown Minneapolis, linking the Twin Cities and carrying tens of thousands of vehicles daily under normal conditions. Marchers shut the freeway down as they moved through carrying banners reading "No Killer Cops" and "The Whole Damn System Is Guilty as Hell." Protesters occupying the interstate led Minnesota State Patrol and Minneapolis police to close lanes and, on several nights that fall, make mass arrests of demonstrators for blocking the roadway. Banners referencing Black, Native, and immigrant communities point to organizing coalitions that linked police violence with ICE raids and broader demands for systemic change.

Minnesota State Patrol officers form a line across Interstate 94 in Minneapolis during a November 2020 nighttime protest march. — *November 4, 2020* — Interstate 94 runs through the heart of Minneapolis, connecting downtown to St. Paul and serving as a major route for commuters and freight alike. On the night of November 4, 2020, following the presidential election, Minnesota State Patrol troopers formed a line across the freeway's lanes to stop a march that had moved onto the highway from surrounding streets. State Patrol, rather than Minneapolis police, holds jurisdiction over incidents on the interstate system within city limits. That night's march ended with 646 arrests, one of the largest mass detentions in Minnesota history, after demonstrators were held on the freeway for several hours before being processed and released.

Minneapolis Police officers stand on Interstate 94 during a November 2020 nighttime protest against Trump's election challenges. — *November 4, 2020* — Minneapolis police officers stand along a fence on the I-94 overpass, monitoring a crowd gathered on the highway after the November 2020 presidential election. Protesters had marched onto the interstate to oppose President Trump's attempts to challenge the election results. Law enforcement closed the highway and arrested 646 people that night, the largest mass arrest in Minnesota history. Many demonstrators carried signs calling for community control of police and denouncing voter suppression.

Minneapolis police officers monitor protesters marching on Interstate 94 during a November 2020 demonstration. — *November 4, 2020* — Officers from the Minneapolis Police Department hold a pedestrian overpass above Interstate 94 as protesters fill the freeway below. The demonstration followed the November 2020 election, when marchers moved from downtown Minneapolis toward Cedar-Riverside to protest the presidential race outcome. Minnesota State Patrol and Minneapolis Police later blocked both ends of the freeway and detained roughly 646 people, one of the largest mass arrests in the state's history. Interstate 94 links Minneapolis and St. Paul and has been a repeated site of demonstrations shutting down traffic in both cities.

Minneapolis Police mounted officers on horseback at night during post-election march crowd management. — *November 4, 2020* — Minneapolis Police Department's mounted patrol unit responded to a march that followed the 2020 presidential election, when demonstrators moved onto Interstate 94. That night's march ended with roughly 646 arrests, one of the largest mass detentions in Minneapolis history.

Police officers confront protesters on Interstate 94 in Minneapolis on November 4, 2020, during post-election demonstrations. — *November 4, 2020* — Minnesota State Patrol troopers moved in on Interstate 94 near downtown Minneapolis after marchers left city streets and walked onto the highway on the night of November 4, 2020, hours after Election Day. Officers blocked both directions of traffic and held the group on the roadway before arresting 646 people, one of the largest mass arrests in Minnesota history. Most of those detained were released without formal charges in the days that followed.

Police officers and Minnesota State Patrol conduct mass arrests of protesters on Interstate 94 in Minneapolis on November 4, 2020. — *November 4, 2020* — Interstate 94 in Minneapolis was the site of a mass arrest on November 4, 2020, the day after Election Day, when Minnesota State Patrol troopers and Minneapolis police stopped a march that had moved onto the freeway's eastbound lanes near downtown. Officers detained 646 people that night, one of the largest mass arrests in Minnesota history, loading protesters onto transit buses brought in for the operation. The march followed the national call of the presidential race for Joe Biden and was one of several demonstrations moving through downtown Minneapolis that week.

Minneapolis police officer stands guard near Interstate 94 during a November 4, 2020 protest, with "FLOYD" graffiti visible on — *November 4, 2020* — Interstate 94 cuts through central Minneapolis, connecting downtown to the University of Minnesota area and beyond. On the night of November 4, 2020, demonstrators marched onto the freeway following the presidential election, part of a wave of protests that had continued in the city since George Floyd's killing that May. State troopers and Minneapolis police shut down the highway and moved in to clear it, ultimately arresting roughly 646 people—the largest single mass arrest in Minnesota history. Graffiti reading "FLOYD" marks the concrete retaining wall beneath the overpass, one of many such markings left across the city during that period.

US Bank Plaza entrance in downtown Minneapolis with boarded plywood windows during November 2020. — *November 5, 2020* — US Bank Plaza rises 40 stories at 200 South 6th Street, one of downtown Minneapolis's taller office towers since its completion in 1981. The building takes its name from its anchor tenant, U.S. Bank, though it houses numerous other business tenants across its floors. Plywood paneling over its ground-floor entrances as a precaution many downtown property owners took to guard against window damage during periods of unrest in the city.

Minnesota State Patrol vehicles and arrestee transport buses parked at Minneapolis Convention Center temporary precinct at night. — *November 5, 2020* — The Minneapolis Convention Center, at 1301 Second Avenue South, became a temporary precinct for Minneapolis police after the Third Precinct building on Lake Street burned during the unrest following George Floyd's killing in May 2020. Minnesota State Patrol vehicles and prisoner transport buses staged at the center's loading docks, marked D East and C West, during subsequent demonstrations in the city. The convention center, which normally hosts trade shows and public events, sits blocks from the Nicollet Mall skyway system and downtown high-rises visible along the skyline behind it.

Minnesota State Patrol LRAD and arrest buses parked at Minneapolis Convention Center at night. — *November 5, 2020* — The Minneapolis Convention Center became a temporary base for Minneapolis Police's Third Precinct after the original station on Lake Street burned during the unrest following George Floyd's murder in May 2020. Minnesota State Patrol units, including LRAD (Long Range Acoustic Device) vehicles and transport buses, staged at the center's loading docks during subsequent protests in the city. The Third Precinct's relocation to the Convention Center kept a police presence in downtown Minneapolis while officials debated whether and where to rebuild the burned station.

Protesters gather on Minnehaha Avenue outside Hook and Ladder theater in Minneapolis carrying "Rise" and "People Power" signs. — *November 7, 2020* — The Hook and Ladder Theater & Lounge sits on Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis's Longfellow neighborhood, inside a converted firehouse that now serves as home base for the Firehouse Performing Arts Center. The building stands a few blocks from the Minneapolis Police Third Precinct station, which was set ablaze during the unrest following George Floyd's killing in May 2020. Marchers carrying "Rise" and "People Power" flags passed the venue on November 7, 2020, the day major news networks projected Joe Biden as the winner of the presidential election.

"Abolish The Police" mural on boarded windows of Hook and Ladder Theater on Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis with pedestrians — *November 7, 2020* — The Hook and Ladder Theater & Lounge sits on Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis's Longfellow neighborhood, a live-music venue that had its plywood window coverings turned into protest art after the killing of George Floyd in 2020. The "Abolish the Police" mural, along with the "Justice" and "Love" lettering beside it, remained on the boards well after the unrest that summer, turning the building into an ongoing outdoor gallery. People gathered outside the venue in November 2020, in the days following the announcement of the presidential election results, as debates over policing and public safety continued in the city.

Protesters gather outside Minneapolis Police Third Precinct holding a "No Coup" sign during a November 2020 demonstration. — *November 7, 2020* — The Minneapolis Police Third Precinct sits on Lake Street in South Minneapolis, and it was here that protesters gathered after Joe Biden was declared the winner of the 2020 presidential election. A demonstrator's hand-lettered "No Coup" sign spoke to fears that Donald Trump would refuse to concede the race. The precinct building had been burned during the unrest following George Floyd's death in May 2020, and by this gathering it remained fenced off and reinforced with concrete barriers as the department continued to operate out of temporary quarters elsewhere in the city.

Protesters hold signs reading "No Burning Trash" and "Stop Environmental Racism" at a Minneapolis gathering in November 2020. — *November 7, 2020* — Marchers carried hand-painted signs reading "No Burning Trash" and "Stop Environmental Racism" through Minneapolis on November 7, 2020, the day major news outlets projected Joe Biden as the winner of the presidential race. The demonstration linked opposition to waste incineration and pollution in low-income neighborhoods with the broader wave of marches that followed the election call. Environmental justice organizing in the Twin Cities has long focused on facilities like the Hennepin Energy Recovery Center, a downtown trash-burning incinerator that critics have targeted for its emissions impact on nearby communities of color.

Protesters wearing orange "Democracy Defender" vests gather outside Minneapolis Police Third Precinct on Lake Street. — *November 7, 2020* — "Democracy Defender" vests mark volunteers from Nonviolent Peaceforce, a global nonprofit that trains civilians in unarmed protection work at protests and conflict zones. The group deployed monitors at marches across Minneapolis following the 2020 presidential election, positioning themselves between demonstrators and police to de-escalate potential confrontations. A "Green New Deal" sign carried nearby points to the range of causes represented in the crowd that day. The Third Precinct station had already become a of unrest in Minneapolis months earlier, drawing continued demonstrations through the fall.

Protesters gather outside Minneapolis Police Third Precinct on Lake Street carrying signs for environmental justice and social — *November 7, 2020* — The Minneapolis Police Third Precinct sits on East Lake Street, rebuilt after the original station was burned during the unrest that followed George Floyd's killing in May 2020. This gathering came on the day Joe Biden was declared the winner of the 2020 presidential election, drawing marchers carrying "Green New Deal" signs and a "Rise" banner tied to environmental justice organizing. The precinct has remained a recurring gathering point for demonstrators addressing policing and broader calls for political change in the years since 2020.

Protesters carrying "Jews Against Fascism" and racial justice banners march along Lake Street in Minneapolis. — *November 7, 2020* — Marchers carry a "Jews Against Fascism" banner down Lake Street on November 7, 2020, the day major networks declared Joe Biden the winner of the presidential election. The route passed the former Minneapolis Police Third Precinct at Lake Street and Minnehaha Avenue, burned by protesters in May 2020 after the killing of George Floyd and later demolished by the city. Other banners and signs in the crowd called for racial justice, a "just transition," and police abolition.

Indigenous ceremonial performer wearing feathered headdress, beaded regalia, and face mask holds incense pot during Minneapolis — *November 7, 2020* — Aztec dance traditions, known as danza azteca or mexica, trace back to pre-Hispanic ceremonial practice and remain active today among Indigenous and Chicano communities across North America. The feathered headdress worn here, called a penacho, is typically built from pheasant or macaw feathers and signals rank or role within a dance troupe. The clay vessel held in this image is used to burn copal, a resin incense central to purification rites performed before and during ceremonial dances. Face coverings were required at outdoor public gatherings in 2020, the year this march took place along Lake Street in Minneapolis.

Diverse marchers including Indigenous participants carry signs and decorative banners on Lake Street in Minneapolis during a 2020 — *November 7, 2020* — Marchers moved along Lake Street near South 17th Avenue in Minneapolis after news broke of Joe Biden's win in the 2020 presidential election. Signs carried through the crowd read "Count Every Vote," "Land Back," and messages supporting workers' rights, tying the moment to causes beyond the election itself. Aztec danzantes in feathered headdresses marched among the crowd, a common presence at Lake Street demonstrations tied to the Twin Cities' Indigenous and Chicano communities. Lake Street itself runs through some of Minneapolis's most ethnically diverse neighborhoods, including the Latino commercial corridor around Midtown.

Person wearing blue shirt with "Defund the Police" graphic at Minneapolis protest. — *November 7, 2020* — "Defund the police" became a national rallying cry after George Floyd was killed by Minneapolis police in May 2020, with activists calling for cities to shift funding from police departments toward housing, mental health, and community-based safety programs. In Minneapolis, the phrase appeared on signs, murals, and clothing throughout that year's protests. This march took place on November 7, 2020, the day major news networks called the presidential race for Joe Biden, when demonstrators in the city combined election reactions with continued demands for police reform.

Red wagon stocked with COVID-19 PPE, hand warmers, and snacks for protest participants in Minneapolis. — *November 7, 2020* — A hand-lettered sign reading "COVID PPE / Snacks" identifies this wagon as a mutual aid station, stocked with hand sanitizer, disposable medical masks, hand warmers, and packaged snacks. Volunteers organizing such stations typically distribute supplies free of charge to marchers, a practice that became common at Minneapolis demonstrations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mix of protective gear and warmers the practical needs of participants marching outdoors in November, when the city's temperatures often fall near freezing.

Crowd of protesters with signs and flags marches past colorful mural on Lake Street in Minneapolis. — *November 7, 2020* — The mural above the marchers depicts a farmworker and desert plants, one of many large-scale works commissioned along Lake Street after the corridor sustained heavy damage following George Floyd's killing in May 2020. Lake Street is a major east-west commercial corridor through South Minneapolis and has long served as a hub for the city's Latino and immigrant-owned businesses. The march passing beneath it took place on November 7, 2020, the day media outlets projected Joe Biden as the winner of the presidential race. Demonstrators carried signs addressing policing and housing as they moved along the street.

Protester wearing denim vest with Hitler-Trump patch at Minneapolis post-election march. — *November 7, 2020* — Powderhorn Park, on Minneapolis's south side, was a gathering point for marches following the November 2020 presidential election. Marchers moved from the park through nearby streets, with signs and patches expressing opposition to Donald Trump, including imagery comparing him to Adolf Hitler. The neighborhood had already served as a staging ground for demonstrations earlier that year following the killing of George Floyd, making it a familiar assembly point for organizers by the time of the election.

Coliseum Building on Lake Street in Minneapolis with boarded storefronts decorated with community murals. — *November 7, 2020* — The Coliseum Building stands on Lake Street in Minneapolis, its ground-floor storefronts boarded with plywood after damage during the 2020 civil unrest. Built in 1917, the building originally housed a theater along with retail and commercial tenants serving the Longfellow neighborhood. Community members later painted the plywood panels with murals and messages, turning the boards into a temporary public canvas.

Artist paints Black Lives Matter mural on boarded storefront along Lyndale Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis. — *November 8, 2020* — The mural reading "Black Lives Matter, All Year Round" covers boarded-up storefronts on Lyndale Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis. Plywood panels like these went up over windows and doors across the city after unrest broke out in the wake of George Floyd's killing in May 2020, and many were later painted by local artists rather than removed. Months after the initial unrest, murals such as this one remained in place, turning storm boards into lasting public artwork.

Uptown Smoke Shop storefront on Lake Street with boarded windows displaying colorful "Help + Love each other" graffiti mural. — *November 9, 2020* — The mural reading "Help + Love Each Other" covers boarded-up windows at Uptown Smoke Shop, an e-cigarette retailer at 1408 Lake Street in Minneapolis's Uptown neighborhood. Plywood went up over storefronts along Lake Street after the unrest that followed George Floyd's killing in May 2020, and many of those boards became canvases for community-painted messages rather than being removed once repairs were made.

Boarded Tires Plus storefront on Lake Street, Minneapolis, with graffiti including "Stop Line 3" and "No More Prez" messages — *November 9, 2020* — Tires Plus operates a tire and auto repair shop on Lake Street in Minneapolis's Uptown neighborhood. Plywood covering its windows carries the message "Stop Line 3," a reference to opposition against Enbridge's Line 3 oil pipeline expansion through northern Minnesota. Other markings reading "No More Prez" and "Riots 2020" were added amid the unrest that followed George Floyd's death in 2020.

Illuminated art installation by Juxtaposition Arts on Target store facade, Lake Street, Minneapolis, featuring "WE STAND TOGETHER — *November 10, 2020* — Juxtaposition Arts, a Minneapolis youth-focused art and design nonprofit based in North Minneapolis, created the mural covering the Target store's exterior wall on Lake Street. The panel reads "We Stand Together, We Build Together," spanning the length of the building in a series of connected murals. This Target location sits near the site of the Minneapolis Police Third Precinct, which was damaged during the unrest following George Floyd's death in May 2020. The store itself sustained damage in the same period and later reopened with the mural installed along its street-facing wall.

Damaged building at Minnehaha Avenue and East 28th Street in Minneapolis during snowfall, November 2020. — *November 10, 2020* — This building at Minnehaha Avenue and East 28th Street in South Minneapolis sustained fire and structural damage during the unrest that followed George Floyd's killing in May 2020. The corner sits within the Longfellow neighborhood, a stretch of Minnehaha Avenue where several storefronts burned or were looted that week. Months later, by November 2020, the structure remained partially collapsed, its ruins boarded and marked with graffiti through the winter.

Worker operating snow blower on downtown Minneapolis sidewalk during heavy snowfall, November 2020. — *November 10, 2020* — A worker clears fresh snow from a downtown Minneapolis sidewalk with a walk-behind snow blower, working past a U.S. Bank branch. Minnesota's first significant snowfall of the 2020-21 season arrived in mid-November, catching the Twin Cities before many businesses had switched from fall to winter maintenance routines. Downtown property managers and city crews typically have a matter of hours to clear walkways after a storm, since Minneapolis code requires adjacent property owners to keep public sidewalks passable.

Maruso Bar's neon sign glows on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis during heavy November snowfall. — *November 10, 2020* — Maruso Bar sits on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, a stretch of the street long associated with the city's nightlife and entertainment district near First Avenue and the Hennepin Theatre District.

Boarded UnBank branch on Hennepin Avenue displays "Open" banner despite plywood-covered windows during Minneapolis November 2020. — *November 10, 2020* — The UnBank Company operates check-cashing and short-term loan storefronts, marketed as an alternative to traditional banks for customers without conventional accounts. This branch sits on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, its windows and doors covered in plywood while a banner reading "Yes, We Are OPEN For You!" hangs across the boards. Neon signs for "Cash Loans" and "Checks Cashed" remain part of the storefront, advertising the same services the plywood was meant to protect. Metal barricades stand along the sidewalk in front of the entrance.

State Theatre marquee in downtown Minneapolis displays art installation and Martin Luther King Jr. quote during snowstorm. — *November 10, 2020* — The State Theatre opened in 1921 on Hennepin Avenue as a movie palace, part of downtown Minneapolis's early 20th-century theater district. Architect J.R. Davidson designed the building in the Renaissance Revival style typical of the era's movie palaces. After decades as a cinema, the theater was restored as a live performance venue and now operates under Hennepin Theatre Trust, alongside the nearby Orpheum and Pantages theaters. Its marquee has displayed "The Overseer: Divinity and Humanity," an installation by artist Reggie Leflore, paired with a quote from Martin Luther King Jr.

Hop Wong Chinese Restaurant storefront on Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis during heavy snowfall. — *November 10, 2020* — Hop Wong is a Chinese restaurant on Chicago Avenue in the Midtown neighborhood of Minneapolis. Its boarded-up windows and door date to the unrest that followed George Floyd's death in May 2020, when many businesses along the Lake Street and Chicago Avenue corridors sustained damage. A hand-lettered "Hop Wong Now Open" sign and a lit "Open" placard mark its return to business behind the plywood.

Boarded storefront on Lake Street in Minneapolis displays "George Floyd" text during snowfall. — *November 10, 2020* — Plywood covering a storefront on Lake Street carries the hand-painted name "George Floyd," one of many boarded windows along the corridor turned into memorials after his killing in police custody in May 2020. Businesses along Lake Street boarded their windows that spring after nights of fires and looting during the unrest that followed Floyd's death. Rather than being removed once the immediate unrest subsided, many of these boards remained in place for months, repainted by artists and volunteers with murals, names, and messages tied to the Black Lives Matter movement.

Black Lives Matter mural on Lyndale Avenue in Minneapolis displays "All Year Round" message during snowfall. — *November 10, 2020* — The mural reads "Black Lives Matter All Year Round," painted across plywood boards on a building along Lyndale Avenue in Minneapolis's Uptown neighborhood. The piece is one of many murals painted on boarded storefronts across Minneapolis following the unrest that followed George Floyd's killing in May 2020, when businesses across the city covered their windows and local artists turned the boards into canvases. Many of these murals remained in place for months afterward, becoming a lasting public record of that period even as boards came down elsewhere.

Protesters at the Minnesota State Capitol on November 14, 2020, hold American flags and signs at a "Stop the Steal" rally. — *November 14, 2020* — Demonstrators massed outside the Minnesota State Capitol on November 14, 2020, one of dozens of "Stop the Steal" rallies held across the country that weekend to contest Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump. Its front plaza and surrounding mall have long served as the traditional site for protests and political gatherings in St. Paul, from labor demonstrations to Second Amendment rallies. Many in the crowd carried flags and signs referencing unproven claims of ballot fraud that Trump and his allies raised in the weeks following the election.

Supporters holding American flags and Trump signs gather at the Minnesota State Capitol during a Stop the Steal rally on November — *November 14, 2020* — Supporters of Donald Trump gathered on the Minnesota State Capitol mall on November 14, 2020, as part of the nationwide "Stop the Steal" demonstrations contesting the results of that year's presidential election. Similar rallies took place in state capitals across the country the same weekend, organized by pro-Trump groups demanding recounts and audits.

Protesters at Minnesota State Capitol holding American flags and "Trump Train" banner during November 2020 rally. — *November 14, 2020* — The "Stop the Steal" movement organized rallies across the country after the November 2020 presidential election, pressing baseless claims of widespread voter fraud and calling for state officials to block certification of the results. In St. Paul, demonstrators gathered outside the Minnesota State Capitol on November 14, 2020, carrying American flags alongside campaign banners like the "Trump Train" flag pictured here.

Protesters with American flags and signs gather at the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul during a Stop the Steal rally on — *November 14, 2020* — On November 14, 2020, crowds carrying Trump flags and American flags gathered at the Minnesota State Capitol grounds for a "Stop the Steal" rally, part of a wave of demonstrations held nationwide after the presidential election as supporters of Donald Trump challenged the results.

White SUV decorated with "Stop The Steal" and QAnon messages at Minnesota State Capitol rally, November 2020. — *November 14, 2020* — A white SUV painted with "#StopTheSteal," QAnon references, and an image of Donald Trump was parked near the Minnesota State Capitol on November 14, 2020. The vehicle carried the phrase "Still Your President" alongside an American flag mounted on its rear rack. It appeared during a rally in St. Paul that drew supporters contesting the outcome of the 2020 presidential election. QAnon, a conspiracy movement built around unfounded claims of a secret cabal opposed by Trump, gained visibility at many such gatherings that fall.

Protesters against the Enbridge Line 3 pipeline gather outside the Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul. — *November 14, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence at 1006 Summit Avenue was the site of a demonstration against Enbridge's Line 3 pipeline replacement on November 14, 2020. Built in 1912 for lumber baron Horace Hills Irvine, the mansion became the official gubernatorial residence in 1965 and is now used for public receptions as well as the governor's private quarters. The Line 3 project reroutes an aging pipeline to carry Canadian tar sands crude across northern Minnesota to Enbridge's terminal in Superior, Wisconsin, crossing the Mississippi River headwaters and treaty-protected Anishinaabe hunting and fishing territory. Opponents, including members of the White Earth and Red Lake Bands, argued the project risked water contamination and violated 1855 treaty rights, a legal argument later tested in tribal and state courts.

Protester holding "Stop The Steal" sign and American flag at Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul, November 2020. — *November 14, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence sits at 1006 Summit Avenue in St. Paul, a Tudor-style mansion built in 1910 for lumber baron Horace Hills Irvine. The state has used it as the official governor's residence since 1965, when the Irvine family donated it, and it's listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On November 14, 2020, demonstrators gathered outside the residence as part of the nationwide "Stop the Steal" movement, which claimed widespread fraud in that year's presidential election despite no evidence supporting the allegations. The protest was one of many held at statehouses and governors' residences across the country that month.

Two women hold signs at a winter protest outside the Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul. — *November 14, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence at 1006 Summit Avenue has served as the official home of the state's governor since 1965. Built in 1912 for lumber baron Horace Hills Irvine, the Tudor Revival mansion was donated to the state by the Irvine family in the 1960s. In November 2020, demonstrators gathered outside the residence as part of the nationwide "Stop the Steal" movement disputing the results of the presidential election, directing criticism at Governor Tim Walz.

Armed participant at Stop The Steal rally outside Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul, November 2020. — *November 14, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence at 1006 Summit Avenue in St. Paul has served as the official home of the state's governor since 1965. Built in 1910 for lumber baron Horace Hills Irvine, the mansion was donated to the state and placed on the National Register of Historic Places. On November 14, 2020, demonstrators gathered outside the residence for a "Stop the Steal" rally, part of a nationwide movement disputing the outcome of the 2020 presidential election.

Protester holding "Election Ended NOV 3rd Legal Votes Only!" sign at Minnesota Governor's Mansion Stop the Steal rally, St. Paul — *November 14, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence on Summit Avenue in St. Paul drew a "Stop the Steal" rally on November 14, 2020. The demonstration followed the November 3rd presidential election and echoed similar rallies held that month in state capitals across the country, with protesters disputing the vote count and demanding a halt to certification. Signs at the rally, including one reading "Election Ended NOV 3rd, Legal Votes Only!", reflected the movement's core claim that the results were fraudulent.

Masked protester holding American flag and yellow bandana at Stop the Steal rally outside Minnesota Governor's Residence. — *November 14, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence on Summit Avenue in St. Paul has served as the official home of the state's governor since 1965, when it was donated to the state by the Irvine family. On November 14, 2020, demonstrators gathered outside the mansion as part of the nationwide "Stop the Steal" movement, which disputed Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump in that year's presidential election. Members of the Proud Boys, a far-right organization founded in 2016, appeared among the crowd, a presence that became common at pro-Trump rallies across the country in the weeks following the election.

Protesters gather outside Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul holding American flags and signs at a Stop the Steal rally. — *November 14, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence at 1006 Summit Avenue has served as the state's official executive residence since 1965, when businessman Charles W. Gillette donated the Tudor-style mansion to the state. Summit Avenue itself is one of the best-preserved Victorian boulevards in the country, lined with mansions built by railroad and lumber barons in the late 19th century. On November 14, 2020, supporters gathered along the avenue for a "Stop the Steal" rally contesting the results of the presidential election, carrying Trump 2020 flags and signs disputing Joe Biden's victory. The residence's public-facing location on a major St. Paul thoroughfare has made it a recurring site for demonstrations directed at the sitting governor.

Colorful murals reading "LET THE HEALING" adorn the facade of a temporary post office housed in a former K-Mart on Lake Street in — *November 16, 2020* — This building on Lake Street once housed a K-Mart before becoming the Lake-Street Minnehaha Temporary Station, a USPS facility set up after the neighborhood's original postal buildings were damaged during the unrest that followed George Floyd's death in May 2020. The station has continued to handle mail and package service for the surrounding Minneapolis community. Painted across the storefront, a mural reading "LET THE HEALING" was added afterward as part of a wave of public art that appeared on boarded and repurposed buildings along the corridor.

USPS delivery vehicles staged at temporary post office in former K-Mart building, Minneapolis. — *November 16, 2020* — The former Kmart at Lake Street and Nicollet Avenue closed in 2020 after decades of operation, and its parking lot was pressed into service as a staging ground for USPS delivery vans. The move came after the nearby Lake Street postal station was damaged during the unrest following George Floyd's death in May 2020, forcing carriers to work out of temporary sites while repairs were made. Rows of USPS vans parked here each morning for loading before drivers headed out on their routes. The high-rise towers visible behind the lot are part of the Whittier neighborhood's residential corridor along Nicollet Avenue.

Former K-Mart building on Lake Street in Minneapolis converted to a United States Post Office with community murals. — *November 18, 2020* — This post office on Lake Street occupies a building that once housed a K-Mart store. The U.S. Postal Service moved operations here after its Lake Street and Minnehaha Avenue branches were damaged during the unrest that followed George Floyd's killing in May 2020. Murals cover much of the building's exterior, added by local artists in the months after the damage.

Lake Street Minnehaha temporary post office housed in former K-Mart building with community murals. — *November 18, 2020* — This building on Lake Street served as the former K-Mart site before the US Postal Service converted it into a temporary station. USPS opened the location after the Lake Street and Minnehaha post office branches were destroyed during the unrest that followed George Floyd's killing in May 2020. The temporary station restored mail and package services to the surrounding Longfellow and Powderhorn neighborhoods while a permanent replacement was planned.

Assorted chairs lined up on the sidewalk outside the former SuperValu grocery store on West Lake Street in South Minneapolis. — *November 18, 2020* — This stretch of West Lake Street once held a SuperValu grocery store, part of a chain that has operated in Minnesota since the 1920s. The building sat empty after the store's closure, its blue-lit exterior a holdover from the retail signage era. Rows of mismatched chairs left along the sidewalk here have appeared intermittently since 2020, placed by passersby rather than any organized group.

The 401 Building, a converted warehouse with residential units, anchors North Loop with downtown Minneapolis skyline beyond at — *November 19, 2020* — The 401 Building at 401 North Third Street began as a warehouse in the North Loop's old warehouse district, part of the milling and shipping infrastructure that once served the riverfront. Like many of its neighbors, it's since been converted to loft-style condominiums and commercial space, a common path for the district's brick-and-timber buildings since the 1980s. Target Field Station, visible to the east, opened in 2014 as a transit hub serving Northstar Commuter Rail, light rail, and bus routes, along with a public plaza used for Minnesota Twins game-day events. Downtown Minneapolis rises beyond both, its cluster of high-rises anchored by the IDS Center and Wells Fargo Center towers.

Target Field Station light rail transit hub glows with purple lighting at night in downtown Minneapolis. — *November 19, 2020* — Target Field Station opened in 2014 as the transit hub serving Target Field and the North Loop. It's a stop on both the METRO Green Line and Blue Line, connecting downtown Minneapolis to St. Paul, the airport, and Mall of America. A public plaza next to the station hosts pregame gatherings before Twins games.

Speedway gas station under remodeling on Hennepin Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis at night. — *November 19, 2020* — This Speedway station sits along Hennepin Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis, a commercial strip lined with bars, restaurants, and retail storefronts. The location sustained damage during the unrest that swept through Minneapolis in late May 2020, when fires and looting hit numerous businesses along Lake Street and Hennepin Avenue.

Hilton Garden Inn hotel illuminated at night in downtown Minneapolis surrounded by office buildings. — *November 25, 2020* — The Hilton Garden Inn Minneapolis Downtown sits at 1101 Nicollet Mall, within a few blocks of the Minneapolis Convention Center and Orchestra Hall. It's part of the wave of hotel construction that filled in downtown Minneapolis blocks in the 2000s to serve convention and business travel near Nicollet Mall.

Boarded storefront at Fifth Element on Hennepin Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis with George Floyd portrait mural and "Black Lives — *November 25, 2020* — Fifth Element is a hip-hop and skateboard shop on Hennepin Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis, known for its role in the city's skate and street culture . After the store's windows were boarded up during the unrest following George Floyd's death in police custody in May 2020, local artists painted the plywood with a portrait of Floyd alongside the phrases "Black Lives Matter" and "Black Is Beautiful." The mural was one of hundreds that appeared on boarded storefronts throughout Minneapolis that year, part of a broader effort by artists to turn plywood barricades into public memorials and protest art.

Via's Vintage storefront at 2408 Hennepin Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis displays vintage clothing and holiday decorations. — *November 25, 2020* — Via's Vintage sits at 2408 Hennepin Avenue in the Uptown neighborhood, selling secondhand and vintage clothing and accessories. The shop keeps regular retail hours seven days a week, including Sunday afternoons, a schedule posted at its entrance along with its phone number and website.

Boarded storefront at 2741 Hennepin Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis with "Justice 4 George Floyd" painted on plywood, May 2020. — *November 25, 2020* — Plywood covering the storefront at 2741 Hennepin Avenue reads "Justice 4 George Floyd," painted with a red heart on either side of the word "4." The building sits in Uptown Minneapolis, a commercial stretch of Hennepin Avenue lined with retail shops and restaurants. Following George Floyd's death in police custody in May 2020, many Minneapolis businesses boarded their windows against anticipated damage, and those plywood panels became surfaces for murals, memorials, and protest messages across the city.

Neighborhood Watch banner displayed on residential street in South Minneapolis with traffic control signs and yellow bollards. — *November 25, 2020* — A "Residents or Guest Only, No Trespassing" banner from the Neighbor Watch program hangs on a chain-link fence along a South Minneapolis residential block. Yellow traffic bollards and posted "One Way," "Do Not Enter," and "No Parking" signs restrict vehicle movement on the street. Neighborhood watch groups in Minneapolis are typically organized by residents in coordination with local police precincts to monitor and report suspicious activity on their blocks.

George Floyd Memorial at Cup Foods, 38th Street and Chicago Avenue, Minneapolis. — *November 25, 2020* — George Floyd was killed by Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin on May 25, 2020, on the sidewalk outside Cup Foods at the corner of 38th Street and Chicago Avenue. Within days, the intersection filled with flowers, signs, and artwork, and residents began calling it George Floyd Square. A wrought-iron gate and a wall of flowers now mark the spot where Floyd died, tended by volunteers who've kept the memorial going through changes of season for months at a time.

George Floyd Square memorial at 38th Street and Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis with chalk art and flower tributes. — *November 25, 2020* — George Floyd Square sits at the intersection of 38th Street and Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis, outside Cup Foods, where George Floyd died on May 25, 2020. The words "I can't breathe" — spoken by Floyd during his arrest and later echoed by Eric Garner in 2014 — are painted directly on the street alongside a large mural of angel wings. Flowers, handwritten signs, and personal offerings surround the artwork, left and maintained by visitors and neighborhood volunteers. For more than a year after Floyd's death, the intersection remained closed to through traffic and was informally managed by community members as a memorial and gathering space.

Toppled George Washington statue vandalized with red and yellow paint in Washburn Fair Oaks, Minneapolis. — *November 26, 2020* — The bronze George Washington statue in Washburn Fair Oaks Park was pulled from its base and left splashed with red and yellow paint, with "LAND BACK!" written across its side. The statue was dedicated in 1897, a gift to the city from the Daughters of the American R. It depicted Washington on horseback and had stood in the park for over a century before it was toppled.

The Pioneers Statue in Northeast Minneapolis vandalized with red paint and protest messages at night. — *November 26, 2020* — The Pioneers Monument was sculpted by John K. Daniels and dedicated in 1936 to honor early European settlers in Minnesota. Vandals covered the granite base in red paint, writing "Decolonize," "Land Back," and "All Colonizers Are Bastards" across the statue and its steps. The monument depicts pioneer figures in bronze atop a stone pedestal and has drawn criticism in recent years from Indigenous activists who argue it glorifies colonization. Similar defacement has targeted other Minneapolis monuments tied to settler history amid broader calls to reconsider public memorials.

Protest flyer at Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul demanding charges be dropped for arrested demonstrators. — *November 27, 2020* — A taped flyer reading "DROP THE CHARGES! DUMPING TRUMP IS NOT A CRIME" hangs on a stone gate pillar at the Minnesota Governor's Residence on Summit Avenue in St. Paul. The flyer references Interstate 94's Highway 646, invoking the November 4, 2020 protest in which Minnesota State Patrol and Minneapolis police detained more than 600 demonstrators who had blocked the freeway following the presidential election. A bronze plaque below the flyer notes the residence's listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

Proud Boys and Stop The Steal protesters march outside Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul. — *November 28, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence at 1006 Summit Avenue has served as the official home of the state's governor since 1965, when the Irvine family donated the property to the state. In late November 2020, marchers carrying American flags and Gadsden flags gathered outside the residence as part of the nationwide "Stop the Steal" movement, which disputed the outcome of the 2020 presidential election. The Proud Boys, a group founded in 2016 and later designated a domestic extremist organization by Canadian and U.S. authorities, took part in a series of these demonstrations at statehouses and governors' residences across the country that fall and winter.

Proud Boys members gather at Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul during Stop The Steal protest. — *November 28, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence on Summit Avenue in St. Paul has served as the governor's official home since 1965, when it was donated to the state by businessman Harry C. Piper. It functions as both a private residence and a venue for public and ceremonial events. Beginning in late November 2020, the property became a recurring gathering point for "Stop the Steal" demonstrations disputing the outcome of the presidential election, drawing Proud Boys members alongside counter-protesters on successive Saturdays.

Proud Boys members in tactical gear confront counter-protesters at Minnesota Governor's Residence during Stop The Steal rally. — *November 28, 2020* — "Stop the Steal" rallies spread across the country after the November 2020 election, as supporters of President Trump contested the results before Congress certified them in January. In St. Paul, demonstrators gathered outside the Minnesota Governor's Residence on Summit Avenue, the official home of the state's governor since 1965. Proud Boys members joined the crowd alongside counter-protesters, part of a wave of similar confrontations that played out at statehouses and governor's residences nationwide that fall and winter.

Person wearing "ANTIFA" vest stands in crowd at Stop The Steal protest near Minnesota Governor's Residence, St. Paul. — *November 28, 2020* — The "Stop the Steal" rally outside the Minnesota Governor's Residence on Summit Avenue drew supporters contesting the outcome of the 2020 presidential election. Proud Boys members attended alongside American flag-carrying demonstrators, prompting counter-protesters, including self-identified Antifa participants, to turn out in response. The gathering was among a series of post-election demonstrations held at the site in November 2020, as the Governor's Residence became a recurring flashpoint for opposing political factions that fall.

Counter protesters confront Proud Boys and Stop The Steal demonstrators at Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul. — *November 28, 2020* — The Minnesota Governor's Residence at 1006 Summit Avenue in St. Paul was built in 1910 for lumber executive Horace H. Irvine before his family donated it to the state in 1965 as the governor's official home. On November 28, 2020, Proud Boys and other Stop the Steal demonstrators gathered outside its gates, where counter-protesters converged and a confrontation broke out along the fence line. Pepper spray was used in the clash between the two groups. Stop the Steal rallies were held outside several state capitols that month, driven by unproven claims of fraud in the 2020 presidential election.

Hexagon Bar's damaged storefront and signage in South Minneapolis at night. — *November 29, 2020* — The Hexagon Bar sits at Lake Street and 26th Avenue South in Minneapolis's Longfellow neighborhood, a live-music dive bar known for punk and metal shows. The building burned during the unrest that followed George Floyd's murder in May 2020.

Presidential election, mass arrests and Stop the Steal Protests

Minneapolis Photographer