France

France’s rail infrastructure features historic stations like Gare du Nord and Gare de Lyon, notable for Beaux-Arts and Belle Époque architecture integrating iron-and-glass train sheds and allegorical statuary. Paris exemplifies 19th-century urban planning with Haussmannian boulevards, commercial corridors such as Rue de Caumartin, and bridges like Pont de Bir-Hakeim serving elevated Metro lines.