Minneapolis Uprising: The Murder of George Floyd

July 2020

Calvin Horton Jr. Vigil, Powderhorn Encampment Clearing and Murals

Fire-damaged properties, boarded storefronts, street murals, and marches across Minneapolis following the killing of George Floyd

July 1–31, 2020 Minneapolis

Two months after George Floyd was killed at 38th and Chicago, the damage was still standing. The Minnehaha Station post office on 27th Avenue South was a brick shell with a burned postal van inside it. Max It Pawn on Cedar had lost its roof. The AutoZone at Lake and Minnehaha, the first building to burn, was a cleared lot with its sign still up. Plywood covered storefronts along Lake Street, Hennepin and Nicollet, most of it painted by then: a key and the word PEACE over the boarded CVS, a Martin Luther King Jr. quote across Ingebretsen’s windows.

July was also a month of marches. People gathered at Cadillac Pawn on the 21st for Calvin Horton Jr., shot by the store’s owner on May 27 and still, 55 days later, with no charges filed; his mother spoke at the vigil. Park Police had cleared the Powderhorn Park encampment the day before. The Black Lives Matter mural on Plymouth Avenue was finished on the 18th, each letter by a different artist. Demonstrators marched on the federal courthouse against the deployment of federal agents, and through Uptown asking how many weren’t filmed.

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Metro Transit Blue Line bridge over Hiawatha Avenue and the Midtown Greenway in Minneapolis. — *July 1, 2020* — Metro Transit Blue Line over Hiawatha Avenue and the Midtown Greenway in Minneapolis. This elevated light rail segment is part of the Blue Line, which opened in 2004 and links downtown Minneapolis with southern destinations including Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport and Mall of America. The former Minneapolis Depot water tower appears in the distance.

Dollar General at Hi-Lake Shopping Center in Minneapolis behind fire-damaged debris. — *July 1, 2020* — Dollar General at the Hi-Lake Shopping Center on East Lake Street in Minneapolis after fire damage in 2020. The shopping center also included an H&R Block office and other storefronts damaged during the unrest that followed the murder of George Floyd. Debris from the destroyed front portion of the complex remained across the site in early July 2020.

Target store renovation on East Lake Street in Minneapolis at night. — *July 1, 2020* — Target on East Lake Street in Minneapolis undergoes renovation after the store was damaged by fire in May 2020. The site sits across Lake Street from the Minneapolis Police Department's Third Precinct. Temporary facilities and construction equipment occupied the parking lot as rebuilding continued in early July 2020.

Minnehaha Liquors site at Lake Street and Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis behind fencing and barriers at night. — *July 1, 2020* — Minnehaha Liquors at East Lake Street and Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis appears behind fencing and concrete barriers in July 2020. The business was destroyed during the unrest that followed the killing of George Floyd, leaving a cleared and secured lot at the intersection. The corner sits near the former Third Precinct station and other fire-damaged Lake Street properties.

Cub Community Market tent on East Lake Street in Minneapolis before its July 8 opening. — *July 1, 2020* — Cub Community Market on East Lake Street in Minneapolis was a temporary grocery store established after the nearby Cub Foods was damaged by fire in May 2020. The tent market provided interim food access while the permanent store was rebuilt. A sign at the site announced a July 8 grand opening.

We’ll stand together and we’ll build together — *July 1, 2020* — A Target store, which includes a CVS Pharmacy, stands on East Lake Street in Minneapolis. This location was significantly affected by looting during the 2020 unrest that followed the May 25th death of George Floyd. A banner displayed on the building's facade reads, "We'll stand together And we'll build together," conveying a message of community resilience and recovery. Temporary fencing is visible in the foreground, indicating ongoing security or rebuilding efforts in the area.

MAD DADs and their truck on Hennepin Ave — *July 4, 2020* — The MAD DADS organization operates its outreach truck on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, positioned outside the Gay 90s nightclub. Established to foster positive change and community stability, MAD DADS focuses on violence interruption, youth development, and assisting individuals re-entering society from prison. Their dedicated presence in urban areas like Hennepin Avenue underscores their mission to provide community service and support. The Gay 90s nightclub, a prominent and long-standing establishment, serves as a recognizable landmark in this vibrant Minneapolis district.

Fireworks burst above North 1st Avenue in downtown Minneapolis on July 4, 2020. — *July 4, 2020* — Fireworks over North 1st Avenue in downtown Minneapolis on July 4, 2020. The display rises above commercial buildings along the street in the Warehouse District area. A University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management billboard is visible among the downtown buildings.

Cub Foods temporary market interior in Minneapolis with mostly empty grocery shelves. — *July 5, 2020* — Cub Foods temporary market, Minneapolis. This temporary grocery structure was set up to maintain food access while a nearby Cub Foods store underwent repairs after damage in 2020. The interior contains mostly empty retail shelving and store fixtures.

Complimentary Cub Foods shuttle bus stop — *July 5, 2020* — A temporary shuttle bus station, branded "Cub Kindness," was established in Minneapolis to provide essential transportation for residents. This service offered complimentary rides to the Cub Foods store at The Quarry, following extensive damage to the local Cub Foods store during the civil unrest in May 2020. The unrest occurred in the aftermath of George Floyd's murder, impacting local infrastructure and community access to resources. The shuttle operated daily from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM, serving as a vital link for grocery access during the community's recovery period.

Sign on a child care center during Minneapolis unrest — *July 5, 2020* — A sign on the door of a child care center during May/June unrest in Minneapolis over the murder of George Floyd. Sign reads "Please this is a child care center. Children attend this center. We are all in this together"

Minneapolis Police officers and squad cars investigate the killing of Leneesha Columbus in South Minneapolis at night. — *July 5, 2020* — Minneapolis Police investigate the killing of Leneesha Columbus in South Minneapolis on July 5, 2020. The response includes multiple officers and squad cars on a residential street near George Floyd Square.

Burned O'Reilly Auto Parts remains on Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis in July 2020. — *July 9, 2020* — Burned O'Reilly Auto Parts on Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis remained collapsed and uncleared in July 2020. The store was damaged during the unrest that followed the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. Graffiti on the adjacent wall ties the site to that period in the city.

Stay Happy Stay Safe sign on a downtown Minneapolis construction site with scaffolding and safety netting. — *July 9, 2020* — Stay Happy Stay Safe sign at a downtown Minneapolis construction site. The message is painted on a temporary wooden barrier attached to an unfinished concrete building with scaffolding, guardrails, and safety netting. The structure was under active development in July 2020.

Adult boutique store with boards on it — *July 9, 2020* — The storefronts of Augies and Brass Rail, adult entertainment venues on Hennepin Avenue in Downtown Minneapolis, are boarded up. This measure was widely adopted by businesses during the Minneapolis Uprising in May 2020, following the killing of George Floyd. The plywood boards feature graffiti, including "RIP Floyd," "ANARCHY," and "ACAB," reflecting the public outcry and calls for justice. Hennepin Avenue has long served as a significant commercial and entertainment corridor in the city, and these boarded establishments document the period of civil unrest and its impact on the urban landscape.

Warehouse District/Hennepin Station platform blocked with caution tape in downtown Minneapolis. — *July 9, 2020* — Warehouse District/Hennepin Station in downtown Minneapolis has caution tape blocking part of the METRO light rail platform. Signs for the Blue Line and Green Line are posted under the station canopy. The station serves trains through the Warehouse District on 5th Street in the city center.

Interstate 35W construction approaching downtown Minneapolis at night with the skyline beyond. — *July 9, 2020* — Interstate 35W approaches downtown Minneapolis during overnight construction in July 2020. The freeway corridor curves toward the central business district, with lane shifts, barriers, and active work areas visible along the roadway. The Minneapolis skyline rises beyond the construction zone.

Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey speaks to participants at an Oromo community march in Northeast Minneapolis on July 10, 2020. — *July 10, 2020* — Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey addresses participants at an Oromo march in Northeast Minneapolis on July 10, 2020. This march, part of a series of protests in Minneapolis during the summer of 2020, highlighted Oromo community concerns and broader calls for social justice. The Oromo community in Minneapolis is one of the largest outside of Ethiopia.

Oromo protesters march through Northeast Minneapolis carrying flags and signs demanding freedom for political prisoners in Ethiopia. — *July 10, 2020* — An Oromo protest march in Northeast Minneapolis calls attention to political conditions in Ethiopia. Demonstrators carry Oromo flags and signs criticizing Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and demanding freedom for Oromo political prisoners. The march took place in July 2020.

A woman sits on a car roof holding an Oromo flag umbrella during a march in Northeast Minneapolis. — *July 10, 2020* — A woman sits atop a vehicle during an Oromo march in Northeast Minneapolis on July 10, 2020.

Oromo protesters march across a bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis during a demonstration regarding Ethiopia. — *July 10, 2020* — Oromo protesters march across a bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis. This protest drew attention to ongoing unrest in Ethiopia.

Oromo protesters gather at Hennepin County Government Center plaza in downtown Minneapolis surrounding a central fountain. — *July 10, 2020* — Oromo protesters gather outside the Hennepin County Government Center in downtown Minneapolis. The crowd fills the plaza around the central fountain, with people carrying Oromo and American flags and signs.

You Hold the Key mural on boarded-up CVS boards, Lake Street, Minneapolis — *July 12, 2020* — The "You Hold the Key" mural by Ballard covers a boarded-up CVS Pharmacy on Lake Street in Minneapolis. Painted in 2020, it features a heart, the word "PEACE," and a large key on protective boards over the storefront.

West Lake Street boarded up businesses — *July 12, 2020* — Murals adorn boarded-up storefronts along West Lake Street in Minneapolis's Lyn-Lake neighborhood. These boards were installed on businesses in July 2020 as a protective measure following civil unrest that occurred after the May 25, 2020 murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin. Many of these temporary barriers were subsequently transformed into public art by various artists. The murals became a significant visual record of the period, contributing to the cultural landscape of Uptown Minneapolis.

Corner store on Grand in Minneapolis — *July 12, 2020* — The Quik Shop convenience store stands at the corner of Grand Avenue and West 28th Street in South Minneapolis. Photographed in the early morning hours of July 12, 2020, the store operates as a local retail hub, providing daily necessities to the neighborhood. Its continued operation, indicated by the "Open 365 Days a Year" sign, reflects the resilience of community businesses in the aftermath of the civil unrest that affected Minneapolis in the preceding months. A "Watch Force" sign on a nearby pole further indicates community efforts towards security and mutual aid during this period.

Signs in a storefront regarding covid and hate — *July 12, 2020* — A storefront window in Minneapolis displays a collection of signs reflecting the dual crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social justice protests of May 2020. One prominent sign, dated May 2020, encourages public health measures with the message "Protect our elders" and guidance on wearing face coverings to limit the spread of COVID-19. Alongside these, messages such as "MPLS Rejects Hate," "You are welcome here you belong," and "Stop State Violence Disarm the Police" express solidarity and demands for systemic change during the Minneapolis Uprising. These public displays served as a means for businesses and community members to communicate vital public health information and participate in civic discourse during a period of significant social unrest and public health emergency.

Large mural on the side of a building on Nicollet Ave — *July 12, 2020* — The "Floyd's World" mural, located on Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis, was created on June 5, 2020, in the aftermath of George Floyd's murder and the Minneapolis Uprising. This large-scale graffiti art, painted on the side of a commercial building, features the phrases "Floyd's World" and "Talking about the Revolution," accompanied by a raised fist symbol. The mural serves as a public expression of grief, protest, and a call for social change, reflecting the community's response to the events of that period. It remains a significant piece of public art documenting a critical moment in Minneapolis history.

Slice of new york pizza store on Nicollet Ave in Minneapolis — *July 12, 2020* — A Slice of New York pizza shop on Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis is shown with its storefront windows boarded up. This protective measure was widely adopted by businesses in the area following the civil unrest and protests that erupted after the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020. Despite the boarding, which includes messages like 'We Are Open' and murals referencing the Black Lives Matter movement, the establishment continues to operate for carry-out and delivery. The image reflects the resilience of local businesses and the visible impact of the historical events on the urban environment of Minneapolis.

Native Lives Matter rally at Minnesota State Capitol — *July 12, 2020* — A Native Lives Matter rally gathered at the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul on July 12, 2020. Designed by Cass Gilbert and completed in 1905, the Capitol building features a prominent marble dome and the gilded Quadriga sculpture, serving as the seat of Minnesota's state government. This protest advocated for Indigenous rights and justice, occurring months after the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis Police. The event underscored the ongoing calls for social justice and accountability within Minnesota's communities.

Royce White addresses a crowd holding American flags at a Native Lives Matter rally at the Minnesota State Capitol. — *July 12, 2020* — Royce White addresses participants at a Native Lives Matter rally held at the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul.

Gabriel Black Elk addresses a crowd at the Minnesota State Capitol during a rally commemorating Paul Castaway's death. — *July 12, 2020* — Gabriel Black Elk addresses a rally outside the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul, marking the five-year anniversary of his brother Paul Castaway's death. Paul Castaway was shot and killed by the Denver Police on July 12, 2015. The protest highlights ongoing concerns about police violence and Indigenous rights, with attendees holding signs advocating for "Native Lives Matter" and remembering Castaway.

Boards on the Ananya Dance Theatre in St Paul — *July 12, 2020* — The Ananya Dance Theatre in St. Paul features murals painted on its boarded-up exterior. These artworks emerged in the aftermath of the 2020 protests following the murder of George Floyd, transforming the protective boards into a public expression of grief and calls for justice. The murals include messages such as "JUSTICE FOR GEORGE FLOYD" and "BLACK LIVES MATTER," alongside affirmations like "POC WOMAN OWNED," reflecting the theatre's identity and community solidarity. Ananya Dance Theatre, a professional dance company, uses performance to address social justice issues, making its building a fitting canvas for these protest art expressions.

Fire damaged buildings in St Paul after riots — *July 12, 2020* — The remains of a former Subway restaurant and a tax office are visible on University Avenue West in St. Paul. These structures were destroyed by fire during the civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020 murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis. The debris, contained by an orange construction fence, marks a site of significant damage in the aftermath of the protests. The destruction of these commercial properties reflects the widespread impact of the protests on local businesses and urban environments in the Twin Cities.

Art boards on Kiku Bistro on Hennepin Ave — *July 12, 2020* — Kiku Bistro on Hennepin Avenue displays protest graffiti from 2020. This restaurant, located in Uptown Minneapolis, boarded its windows with plywood panels following the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd and the subsequent civil unrest. These protective boards became canvases for public expression, featuring graffiti and murals related to the widespread protests. The artwork includes "BLM" (Black Lives Matter) and other messages reflecting the community's response. This imagery documents a specific period of public commentary and artistic engagement within the city's commercial districts.

ReUSE Minnesota flyer on a plywood board — *July 13, 2020* — A flyer from ReUSE Minnesota is displayed on a plywood storefront in Minneapolis. The organization coordinates the recovery of plywood used to cover doors and windows across the Twin Cities. This initiative emerged following the widespread boarding up of businesses during the Minneapolis Uprising, aiming to divert materials from landfills. ReUSE Minnesota also collaborates with the Minnesota Historical Society to preserve select pieces of plywood, recognizing their cultural and historical significance as artifacts from a period of social unrest.

No Justice No Peace in front of South Minneapolis bench — *July 13, 2020* — The phrase 'No Justice, No Peace' is spray-painted in red on a sidewalk next to a public bench in South Minneapolis. This slogan became a prominent rallying cry during the widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020. Such public markings served as a direct expression of community grief, anger, and demands for systemic change, transforming urban spaces into sites of protest and remembrance. These messages, often temporary, marked the physical landscape of the city, reflecting the ongoing struggle for racial justice.

Inside the burned out Minnehaha Station post office — *July 13, 2020* — The interior of the Minnehaha Station United States Post Office, located at 3033 27th Avenue South in Minneapolis, shows extensive fire damage. This facility was severely burned during the civil unrest in May 2020, which followed the death of George Floyd. Charred walls, debris, and damaged mail sorting cages are visible, indicating the extent of the destruction within this essential community service building. The incident rendered the post office inoperable, disrupting postal services for residents in the surrounding Minneapolis neighborhood.

Burned out USPS van inside a burned post office — *July 13, 2020* — A burned United States Postal Service (USPS) van rests within the fire-damaged Minnehaha Post Office in South Minneapolis. This facility, located on 27th Avenue South, sustained extensive damage during the civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd. As a vital piece of public infrastructure, the Minnehaha Station provided essential mail services to the local community. The destruction of the building and its contents, including the delivery vehicle, reflects the widespread property damage experienced during the Minneapolis Uprising.

Burned rubble of USPS post office in South Minneapolis — *July 13, 2020* — The interior of the Minnehaha Station United States Post Office, located at 3033 27th Avenue South in Minneapolis, shows extensive fire damage. This facility served as a vital postal service hub for the local community. The building was severely damaged by fire and arson during the civil unrest in Minneapolis following the death of George Floyd in May 2020. Twisted metal and charred remains illustrate the widespread destruction that affected numerous structures in the city during that period.

The remains of a burned out USPS post office — *July 13, 2020* — The Minnehaha Station United States Post Office, located at 3033 27th Avenue South in Minneapolis, stands as a burned-out structure. This facility previously served as a vital postal service hub for the surrounding community. The building was extensively damaged by fire and arson during the civil unrest in Minneapolis following the death of George Floyd in May 2020. The remaining brick shell and debris are a visible reminder of the widespread property damage that occurred during the protests, with graffiti reading 'Justice for George' on an adjacent wall further contextualizing the site.

Abolish the police and George Floyd murals on Minnehaha — *July 13, 2020* — Murals and protest art adorn boarded-up buildings along Minnehaha Avenue in South Minneapolis. These public art installations emerged in the aftermath of the May 25, 2020, death of George Floyd and the subsequent widespread protests. The artwork includes tributes to George Floyd, calls for justice, and messages such as "Abolish The Police," reflecting the community's demands for systemic change. Serving as a temporary public canvas, these expressions visually documented the grief and activism that characterized the Minneapolis Uprising.

Gamut Galley art boards — *July 14, 2020* — Storefronts along a street in Minneapolis, including Gamut Gallery, are boarded with plywood. These boards were installed to protect businesses during the civil unrest and protests that followed the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. Many of the plywood panels were subsequently transformed into murals and public art, reflecting themes of justice and community. Businesses like Gamut Gallery, 'fades of gray,' 'BEE INK,' and 'ROSE SALON' participated in this widespread practice across the city.

Ben Crump speaks in Downtown Minneapolis — *July 15, 2020* — Attorney Ben Crump addresses the media outside the Minneapolis Federal Courthouse in Downtown Minneapolis on July 15, 2020. He announced the filing of a civil rights lawsuit on behalf of the family of George Floyd against the City of Minneapolis and four police officers. This press conference took place amidst widespread protests and calls for police accountability following Floyd's death in May 2020, a period often referred to as the Minneapolis Uprising. The Federal Courthouse serves as a significant venue for legal proceedings and public statements related to federal cases and civil liberties.

No Justice No peace on whats let of a burned building — *July 16, 2020* — The phrase "No Justice No Peace!" is spray-painted in red on a blue brick wall in Minneapolis. This graffiti marks the site of the former Chicago Furniture store on Chicago Avenue, which sustained extensive fire damage during the civil unrest that followed the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020. The burned-out structure stands as a physical reminder of the widespread protests and property damage that occurred across the city. This message reflects the demands for social justice that emerged from the Minneapolis uprising.

Riot damaged buildings on Chicago Ave in Minneapolis — *July 16, 2020* — Damaged commercial buildings stand on the 2900 block of Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis, showing the aftermath of civil unrest in May 2020. These retail establishments, including U-7 Nails, sustained significant fire and looting damage following the death of George Floyd. Graffiti on a boarded-up storefront references George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, underscoring the social justice themes of the protests. The extensive damage to these local businesses reflects the profound and lasting impact of the events on the city's urban fabric and community.

Riot damage building on Chicago Ave with flowers inside — *July 16, 2020* — A building on Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis stands extensively damaged by fire, with a small pot of flowers placed among the debris. This structure was burned during the civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd. The widespread damage across Minneapolis during this period, often referred to as the Minneapolis Uprising, impacted numerous local businesses and properties. The flowers offer a contrasting element within the remnants of the fire-damaged interior.

Hop Wong Restaurant with boards on it and open sign — *July 16, 2020* — The Hop Wong Chinese Restaurant on Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis is seen boarded up, with a sign indicating it remains open for takeout and delivery services. The adjacent structure to the left is severely damaged by fire, its interior reduced to rubble. This image documents the impact on local businesses in the aftermath of the 2020 protests and civil unrest that followed the death of George Floyd on May 25th. The restaurant's efforts to continue operations reflect the resilience of community establishments during a period of significant disruption and recovery.

Chairs burned inside building on Chicago Ave — *July 16, 2020* — The interior of a commercial building on Chicago Avenue in Minneapolis shows extensive fire damage. This damage occurred in 2020, following the May 25th death of George Floyd, which sparked widespread protests and civil unrest in the city. The building was among many structures in Minneapolis that sustained damage from arson and fires during the period of intense public protest and associated disturbances. Charred office furniture and debris fill the space, reflecting the destructive impact of the events on local businesses and infrastructure.

Midtown Transit Center with boards on windows — *July 16, 2020* — The Midtown Transit Center at Chicago Avenue and Lake Street in Minneapolis is shown boarded up on July 16, 2020. This facility serves as a key public transportation hub, connecting multiple bus routes in the city. The boarding of the transit center and surrounding retail stores occurred in the aftermath of the civil unrest that followed the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. Many businesses and public structures across Minneapolis were secured with boards during this period, reflecting widespread efforts to protect properties.

Boards on Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street reading Fuck 12 — *July 16, 2020* — Cadillac Pawn, located at 1538 E Lake Street in Minneapolis, stands boarded with graffiti following the widespread unrest that occurred after the May 25th, 2020 death of George Floyd. The retail store was heavily looted during these events. Messages spray-painted on the boards include "RIP Calvin" and "Fuck this store," referencing Calvin Horton Jr., who was shot and killed by the store owner, with no charges filed in the case. This site serves as a stark reminder of the community's grievances and the profound impact of the 2020 protests on local businesses and the urban environment.

Star Dragon Chinese Restaurant with boards — *July 16, 2020* — Star Dragon Restaurant, a Chinese restaurant located at 1540 E Lake Street in South Minneapolis, is shown with its windows boarded up. These protective measures were implemented during the civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020, death of George Floyd. Despite the plywood coverings, the business remained operational, as indicated by the "OPEN" signs painted on the boards and the partially opened entrance. This retail establishment on Lake Street illustrates the resilience and challenges faced by local businesses during a period of significant social upheaval in the city.

Ingebretsen’s store on Lake Street with boards — *July 16, 2020* — Ingebretsen's, a long-standing Scandinavian food market and gift shop, is located at 1601 E Lake Street in South Minneapolis. Established in 1921, the family-owned business has served as a cultural hub for the city's Scandinavian community for over a century. The store's windows were boarded and subsequently covered with protest messages and graffiti following the civil unrest in May 2020, which occurred after the death of George Floyd. Messages such as "HUMAN FAMILY" and a quote from Martin Luther King Jr. advocating for justice were painted on the protective boards, reflecting community sentiments during this period. This image documents the physical impact and public expression on local businesses along Lake Street during a significant moment in Minneapolis's recent history.

Say their names BLM Native Lives Matter boards — *July 17, 2020* — A Speedway gas station in South Minneapolis displays painted art boards covering its windows. These murals emerged during the Minneapolis Uprising, a period of widespread protest and unrest following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. The plywood boards, initially installed for protection, became a public canvas for messages such as "Justice Now," "Say Their Names," "BLM," and "Native Lives Matter." This form of public art provided a means of community expression and remembrance, reflecting the social and political climate of the time.

Hand-painted protest sign with Prince quote and peace symbol displayed on ivy-covered fence in South Minneapolis. — *July 17, 2020* — This protest sign, displayed in South Minneapolis, features a quote attributed to Prince: "Nobody thought the revolution would start in Minneapolis except Prince." The sign was out during the widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the killing of George Floyd in May 2020.

Lighting strike near US Bank Stadiium — *July 18, 2020* — A lightning bolt illuminates the early morning sky over downtown Minneapolis on July 18, 2020, striking a high-rise building. In the background, US Bank Stadium, the home of the Minnesota Vikings since its opening in 2016, stands prominently with its distinctive angular roof.

Black Lives Matter mural on Plymouth Ave at night — *July 19, 2020* — The Black Lives Matter street mural on Plymouth Avenue in North Minneapolis is a significant public art installation. Completed on July 18, 2020, this collaborative artwork was created in the aftermath of the Minneapolis Uprising and widespread protests against racial injustice. Each letter of "Black Lives Matter" was designed by different artists, transforming the street into a collective statement. The mural serves as a prominent cultural landmark in North Minneapolis, reflecting the community's ongoing commitment to racial equity and remembrance.

Close up of a Plymouth Ave street mural — *July 19, 2020* — A segment of the Black Lives Matter street mural on Plymouth Avenue in North Minneapolis features a portrait of writer and activist James Baldwin. This public art installation was completed on July 18, 2020, following the widespread protests for racial justice in Minneapolis and across the nation. The mural serves as a powerful statement of solidarity and a memorial, transforming the urban environment into a canvas for social commentary. It stands as a lasting symbol of the Minneapolis Uprising and the ongoing movement for Black liberation, reflecting the community's commitment to justice and equality.

Racism is social terrorism on a street mural — *July 19, 2020* — The Black Lives Matter mural on Plymouth Avenue in North Minneapolis serves as a powerful public art installation. Created in the aftermath of the 2020 protests, this street art piece became a significant symbol during the Minneapolis Uprising. The mural incorporates diverse artistic expressions, including a figure wearing a shirt that reads "Racism is social terrorism." This artwork highlights the community's demand for racial justice and systemic change, transforming a public thoroughfare into a canvas for social commentary.

Close up of a Black Lives Matter street mural — *July 19, 2020* — The Black Lives Matter Mural on Plymouth Avenue in North Minneapolis features this segment dedicated to 'Super Women of Social Justice.' Completed on July 18th, 2020, the vibrant street art displays names of influential figures including Rosa Parks, Harriet Tubman, and Malala Yousafzai. This public art piece emerged in the wake of the Minneapolis Uprising, transforming the street into a site of remembrance and advocacy. It serves as a significant cultural marker, commemorating the ongoing movement for racial justice and equality within the urban environment.

Community painted mural in Minneapolis — *July 19, 2020* — A community-painted mural on Plymouth Avenue in Minneapolis, created in July 2020, features a prominent stylized portrait. This public artwork emerged in the aftermath of the Minneapolis Uprising, reflecting collective expression and resilience within the community. Such street art served as a significant visual response to the social and political events of the period, transforming urban spaces into sites of public dialogue and remembrance. The mural's presence on Plymouth Avenue underscores its role in documenting a specific historical moment in Minneapolis.

Back of fire damaged USPS post office in Minneapolis — *July 19, 2020* — The USPS Lake Street Station and a Stop N Shop gas station stand on Lake Street in Minneapolis. These commercial properties sustained significant damage, including instances of arson, during the civil unrest that occurred in May 2020 following the death of George Floyd. The boarded-up windows and visible repairs on both structures reflect the impact of these events on local businesses and infrastructure. The USPS facility continues to serve as a critical postal service hub for the surrounding community, while the Stop N Shop provides essential fuel and convenience services.

Graffiti on the side of burned USPS post office — *July 19, 2020* — The United States Postal Service (USPS) Lake Street Station in Minneapolis sustained significant fire damage during the Minneapolis Uprising. The brick building shows signs of charring and boarded-up windows, with white graffiti on its facade stating, "WE LOVE OUR POSTAL PATRONS! WE WILL BE BACK TO SERVE YOU!" This message reflects the station's commitment to its community despite the extensive damage from arson. As a critical piece of public infrastructure, the Lake Street Station provides essential postal services to residents and businesses in the surrounding Minneapolis neighborhood.

Encampment rules at Powderhorn park — *July 20, 2020* — Handwritten signs detailing community rules and meeting schedules are affixed to a tree at the Powderhorn East homeless encampment in South Minneapolis. This temporary settlement emerged as a response to housing insecurity, providing shelter for individuals during a period of significant social unrest in the city. The encampment, located within Powderhorn Park, was subsequently cleared by Minneapolis Police on July 21, 2020. Such sites underscore the challenges of homelessness and the community-led efforts to address immediate needs in urban areas.

Police line do not cross at Powderhorn Park — *July 20, 2020* — A stairway at Powderhorn Park in South Minneapolis is cordoned off by "Police Line Do Not Cross" tape. This area of the park was previously the site of a large homeless encampment, established in the summer of 2020 amidst the Minneapolis Uprising and growing concerns over housing insecurity. The presence of the police tape and scattered debris, including a broken chair, indicates the recent closure or clearing of the encampment. Powderhorn Park, a significant public green space in the city, became a focal point for discussions on homelessness and community support during this period.

Minneapolis Park police at Powderhorn Park — *July 20, 2020* — Minneapolis Park Police officers conducted an eviction of a homeless encampment at Powderhorn Park in South Minneapolis on July 20, 2020. This action occurred during a period of heightened public attention to homelessness and social justice issues in the city, following the civil unrest of the Minneapolis Uprising. Powderhorn Park, a prominent public green space, had become a temporary shelter for many individuals experiencing homelessness throughout the summer. The police operation to remove tents and temporary structures highlighted the ongoing challenges faced by urban communities in addressing housing insecurity and providing adequate support for vulnerable populations.

Minneapolis Park Police make arrests at Powderhorn Park — *July 20, 2020* — Minneapolis Park Police and Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board staff oversaw the clearing of a homeless encampment at Powderhorn Park in South Minneapolis on July 20, 2020. This operation addressed the significant growth of unhoused individuals residing in the park following the social unrest and economic disruptions experienced in the city during early 2020. Powderhorn Park, a historic green space established in the late 19th century, functions as a vital community and recreational area. The clearing aimed to remove temporary shelters and relocate residents, underscoring the complex challenges of homelessness and the management of public spaces in urban environments.

Police officers handcuffing people living in tents in Minneapolis — *July 20, 2020* — Minneapolis Park Police officers clear a homeless encampment at Powderhorn Park in South Minneapolis on July 20, 2020. This action addressed the growing number of unsheltered individuals residing in public parks, a situation exacerbated by the social and economic disruptions experienced in Minneapolis during that year. Powderhorn Park, a significant green space in South Minneapolis, became one of several locations where temporary shelters emerged, highlighting the city's challenges with housing insecurity. The clearing operations by park authorities aimed to manage these encampments and public health concerns.

Police bulldoze over tents left behind in Minneapolis park — *July 20, 2020* — Minneapolis Park Police personnel clear tents and belongings from an encampment at Powderhorn Park in July 2020. This action followed the establishment of a large homeless encampment in the park, which grew significantly in the wake of the Minneapolis Uprising and broader discussions around housing insecurity. Powderhorn Park, a prominent urban green space in South Minneapolis, is historically designated for public recreation and community events. The clearing operation underscored the complex challenges of homelessness and the management of public spaces within the city.

Inside GoPuff foods on Cedar Avenue — *July 20, 2020* — The interior of a GoPuff food delivery service facility on Cedar Avenue in Minneapolis displays significant damage. This damage occurred during the civil unrest and protests that followed the May 25, 2020, death of George Floyd. GoPuff operates as a rapid delivery service, utilizing local micro-fulfillment centers to store and dispatch a wide range of products directly to customers. The disarray of shelving, scattered products, and debris on the floor reflects the widespread impact on businesses in the area during that period.

Caved in roof of fire damaged building on Cedar Ave — *July 20, 2020* — The interior of Max It Pawn on Cedar Avenue in Minneapolis shows extensive fire damage, with its roof caved in and corrugated metal structures twisted and rusted. This retail store sustained significant destruction during the protests and civil unrest that occurred in Minneapolis following the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020. The building's charred remains and collapsed roof are a stark reminder of the widespread impact on local businesses. The damage to establishments like Max It Pawn became a visible representation of the profound effects of the Minneapolis Uprising on commercial districts and the community.

Burned out counter inside Max It Pawn — *July 20, 2020* — The interior of Max It Pawn on Cedar Avenue in Minneapolis displays extensive fire damage. This retail establishment was destroyed by arson following the May 25th, 2020 death of George Floyd. The destruction of the store reflects the broader impact of the civil unrest and protests that occurred across Minneapolis during that period, affecting numerous local businesses and the urban environment.

A shoe sits on floor of burned out building — *July 20, 2020* — A single shoe rests amidst shattered glass and debris within the fire-damaged Max It Pawn shop on Cedar Avenue in Minneapolis. This retail establishment suffered extensive damage by arson during the civil unrest and protests that occurred in the city following the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd. The destruction of businesses like Max It Pawn was a significant aspect of the period known as the Minneapolis Uprising. These remnants serve as a historical record of the profound social and economic impact on the community.

Photo of trash inside burned out building — *July 20, 2020* — The charred interior of Max It Pawn on Cedar Avenue in South Minneapolis. This retail store sustained extensive fire damage and was destroyed during the civil unrest in Minneapolis following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. The structural damage and debris on the floor reflect the widespread impact of arson and property destruction that occurred across the city during this period. The destruction of businesses like Max It Pawn became a visible marker of the protests and the community's response to systemic injustice.

Outside the Max It Pawn that was destroyed by fire — *July 20, 2020* — The Max It Pawn shop on Cedar Avenue in Minneapolis sustained significant damage. This retail building was destroyed by fires that occurred in the aftermath of the May 25th, 2020 death of George Floyd. The storefront, with its broken windows and charred interior, reflects the widespread property damage experienced by businesses in the urban core during the period of civil unrest. Debris and construction barriers on the sidewalk indicate ongoing cleanup and the lasting impact on the commercial district. This site serves as a historical marker of the events that unfolded in Minneapolis.

Toussaint Morrison speaks at a protest for Calvin Horton Jr. outside Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street in Minneapolis. — *July 21, 2020* — Toussaint Morrison addresses a protest for Calvin Horton Jr. outside Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street in Minneapolis. This gathering took place amidst widespread protests in Minneapolis following the murder of George Floyd, with participants demanding charges in the death of Calvin Horton Jr.

Protesters march on Lake Street in Minneapolis holding signs demanding justice for Calvin Horton, who was killed during civil unrest on May 27, 2020. — *July 21, 2020* — Protesters march on Lake Street in Minneapolis, demanding justice for Calvin Horton on what would have been his 44th birthday. The march was directed towards the home of Minneapolis City Council member Alondra Cano. Calvin Horton was shot and killed on May 27th by John Rieple, the owner of Cadillac Pawn, during the widespread unrest that followed the May 25th death of George Floyd. Participants carried signs calling for Rieple to be charged with murder.

Boarded storefront of Cadillac Pawn on Minneapolis's Lake Street displays colorful graffiti and memorial messages honoring Calvin Horton Jr. — *July 21, 2020* — A boarded-up storefront of Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street in Minneapolis displays graffiti and memorial messages for Calvin Horton Jr. Horton Jr. was killed by the owner of the pawn shop on May 27, 2020, during the civil unrest that followed the murder of George Floyd.

Mae Roberts speaks at a vigil for her son Calvin Horton outside Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street in Minneapolis. — *July 21, 2020* — Mae Roberts, mother of Calvin Horton Jr., addresses attendees at a vigil held outside Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street in Minneapolis. The gathering commemorated what would have been her son's 44th birthday. Calvin Horton Jr. was killed on May 27th by the owner of the pawn shop during the unrest that occurred in Minneapolis following the death of George Floyd.

US Bank branch on Lake Street in Minneapolis with graffiti and boarded windows during 2020 civil unrest. — *July 21, 2020* — Graffiti covers the exterior of a US Bank branch on Lake Street in Minneapolis. This damage occurred during the widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd.

A burned-out Family Dollar store with boarded windows and charred interior visible on Lake Street in Minneapolis. — *July 21, 2020* — The Family Dollar store on Lake Street in Minneapolis sustained severe fire damage. This destruction occurred during the widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd.

A traffic calming device in South Minneapolis — *July 21, 2020* — Community-created art installations function as traffic calming measures on 16th Avenue South and East 31st Street in South Minneapolis. These artistic barriers are part of local efforts to manage vehicle speed and enhance pedestrian safety in residential areas. Following the 2020 Minneapolis Uprising, many neighborhoods implemented community-led initiatives to reclaim public spaces and address local concerns, including traffic safety. The installations, featuring figures and a sign reading 'BIENVENIDOS / WELCOME,' reflect community engagement and a desire for safer, more welcoming streets.

A memorial arranged on Lake Street pavement outside Cadillac Pawn in Minneapolis honors Calvin Horton Jr. — *July 21, 2020* — A memorial for Calvin Horton Jr. is arranged on the pavement outside Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street in Minneapolis. This vigil marks what would have been his 44th birthday. Horton was fatally shot by the owner of Cadillac Pawn on May 27, 2020, amidst the widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020, death of George Floyd in the city.

Memorial photographs of Calvin Horton Jr. affixed to boarded storefront of Cadillac Pawn on Minneapolis Lake Street at dusk. — *July 21, 2020* — A memorial for Calvin Horton Jr. stands outside Cadillac Pawn on Lake Street in Minneapolis. Horton Jr. was shot and killed on May 27, 2020, during the civil unrest that followed the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis. The memorial features posters bearing Horton Jr.'s image and calls for justice, affixed to the plywood boards protecting the storefront, alongside flowers and candles placed on the sidewalk.

Justice for Calvin posters and flowers memorializing Calvin Horton Jr. at Cadillac Pawn on Minneapolis Lake Street. — *July 21, 2020* — Posters and flowers adorn the boarded-up Cadillac Pawn & Jewelry on Lake Street in Minneapolis, serving as a memorial for Calvin Horton Jr. Horton was shot and killed by the store's owner, John Rieple, on May 27, 2020, during the widespread unrest in Minneapolis following the death of George Floyd. The flyers announce a public press release and a vigil followed by a march on July 21, 2020, demanding justice and highlighting that no charges had been filed against Rieple 55 days after the incident.

Moral work in progress — *July 21, 2020* — A temporary notice spray-painted on a wall along Lake Street in Minneapolis indicates ongoing mural work. This message, reading 'MURAL WORK IN PROGRESS PLEASE DO NOT VANDALIZE STAY SAFE YALL,' reflects community efforts to create public art in the aftermath of the 2020 Minneapolis Uprising. Following widespread protests and property damage, many businesses and community spaces along Lake Street became canvases for murals, transforming affected areas into sites of remembrance, resilience, and artistic expression. Such temporary signage served to protect these nascent artworks and foster a sense of collective ownership and respect for the rebuilding process.

People in line at a food truck at night — *July 21, 2020* — Customers maintain social distance while waiting in line at the Tacos El Primo food truck on Lake Street in Minneapolis. This practice became widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic, influencing how businesses like mobile eateries operated. Lake Street, a significant commercial corridor in South Minneapolis, hosts a variety of local businesses that adapted to serve the community during challenging times. Food trucks provided accessible dining options and continued to be a part of the urban landscape, offering essential services to residents.

Chicago Lake Liquor store with boards over windows — *July 21, 2020* — Chicago Lake Liquors, a retail establishment located on Lake Street in Minneapolis, is shown with its storefront windows boarded up. This protective measure was implemented in response to the civil unrest that occurred in Minneapolis following the killing of George Floyd in May 2020. Boarding up businesses became a common practice across the city during this period to prevent damage and looting. Lake Street, a major commercial corridor, experienced significant damage and disruption during the uprising, with many businesses like Chicago Lake Liquors taking precautions or facing rebuilding efforts.

A mobile ATM setup in a bank parking lot — *July 23, 2020* — A Wells Fargo Mobile ATM truck is positioned in the parking lot of the former Wells Fargo Bank at 3030 Nicollet in South Minneapolis. This temporary financial service was deployed after the original bank branch was destroyed during the civil unrest following the May 25th, 2020 death of George Floyd. Its presence aimed to restore essential banking access for residents and businesses in the affected Lake Street corridor. The mobile unit served as a critical piece of infrastructure, providing continuity of service in an area experiencing significant disruption.

Defund the police and military on window — *July 23, 2020* — A car in Downtown Minneapolis displays the message 'Defund the Police and Military' written on its window. This message reflects a key demand of the social justice protests that gained prominence in Minneapolis and across the United States following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. The call to 'defund' advocates for reallocating police budgets to community services and alternative public safety models. Such expressions on private vehicles became a common form of public discourse and protest during this period, particularly in urban environments like Minneapolis.

Veterans for Peace flag held up by a man — *July 23, 2020* — A protest occurred outside the Federal Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis on July 23rd, 2020. Participants gathered to oppose the deployment of federal officers to cities across the country, a contentious issue during the broader Black Lives Matter movement. A veteran held a Veterans For Peace flag, while a banner in the background proclaimed "Black Lives Matter Native Lives Matter," reflecting the diverse concerns of the attendees. The Federal Courthouse, a significant government building, served as a focal point for civic expression during this period of heightened social unrest.

Protester holding up sign Stay Strong PDX — *July 23, 2020* — A protester holds a sign reading "Feds in Portland proving our point. Stay Strong PDX" outside the Federal Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis. This protest, held on July 23rd, 2020, was part of a nationwide movement against the deployment of federal officers to various U.S. cities. The Federal Courthouse serves as a significant government building in Minneapolis, housing federal courts and related offices. The protest highlighted concerns about federal intervention in local affairs and civil liberties during a period of widespread social unrest.

Protesters gather near City Hall and Federal Courthouse — *July 23, 2020* — Protesters gathered outside the Warren E. Burger Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis on July 23, 2020. The protest addressed the deployment of federal officers to cities across the United States, a contentious issue during the broader period of civil unrest following the murder of George Floyd. Completed in 1897, the Warren E. Burger Federal Building is a significant example of Romanesque Revival architecture, housing federal courts and administrative offices. Its prominence as a site of federal authority makes it a frequent location for public protests concerning national policies and justice.

Billboard that reads Uptown Reels after Gunfire and Bloodshed — *July 23, 2020* — A protest march proceeds along S 4th Avenue in downtown Minneapolis on July 23, 2020. Participants gathered to protest the deployment of federal officers to cities nationwide, with the march route often passing the Federal Courthouse. Above the street, a billboard displays the message 'Uptown reels after gunfire, bloodshed,' reflecting local concerns amidst the broader Minneapolis Uprising.

A protester staples signs bearing names of people killed by police in preparation for the "How many weren't filmed?" march in Uptown Minneapolis. — *July 24, 2020* — A protester fastens signs together in preparation for the 'How many weren’t filmed?' March in Uptown Minneapolis. This march called for accountability regarding police violence. Signs prepared for the event featured names of individuals like Breonna Taylor, Tamir Rice, and Sandra Bland, who were killed by police or in police custody.

Protesters hold signs demanding justice and police accountability at the "How Many Weren't Filmed?" march in Uptown Minneapolis. — *July 24, 2020* — Protesters gathered for the "How Many Weren't Filmed?" march in Uptown Minneapolis. This march advocated for racial justice and police accountability, with participants carrying signs that included messages such as "Black Lives Matter" and "No Justice No Peace."

Protesters holding signs reading "Change the Council," "Black Lives Matter," and "Justice for George Floyd" march in Uptown Minneapolis. — *July 24, 2020* — Protesters march in Uptown Minneapolis carrying signs calling for change, Black Lives Matter, and justice for George Floyd. The demonstration was part of the July 2020 protests in Minneapolis following George Floyd’s killing.

Protesters march through Uptown Minneapolis carrying signs demanding justice and police accountability during a July 2020 demonstration. — *July 24, 2020* — Protesters marched through Uptown Minneapolis on July 24, 2020, carrying signs that questioned police accountability and demanded justice.

Activist Toussaint Morrison speaks at the "How many weren't filmed?" march in Uptown Minneapolis. — *July 24, 2020* — Toussaint Morrison leads the “How many weren’t filmed?” March down Hennepin Avenue in Uptown Minneapolis.

Toussaint Morrison and Nekima Levy Armstrong address a crowd during a protest outside a home in Uptown Minneapolis on July 24, 2020. — *July 24, 2020* — Toussaint Morrison and Nekima Levy Armstrong address a crowd during a protest in Uptown Minneapolis on July 24, 2020. The gathering took place outside a city council member's home, following a march through the Uptown neighborhood. This event was part of the ongoing protests in Minneapolis, which gained momentum after the murder of George Floyd.

Large crowd of protesters gathers on a tree-lined street in Uptown Minneapolis during an evening demonstration on July 24, 2020. — *July 24, 2020* — A large group of protesters marches through Uptown Minneapolis as part of a 'March for those who weren't filmed'. This event occurred during a period of widespread protests in Minneapolis following the killing of George Floyd.

ACAB graffiti on Federal Courthouse at night — *July 25, 2020* — The Federal Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis, a key site for federal judicial proceedings, displays "ACAB" graffiti through its windows. This public expression emerged during the widespread protests and civil unrest that occurred in Minneapolis following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. The building's prominent location made it a focal point for public sentiment during this period of social upheaval. In the foreground, sculptures from Tom Otterness's "The Goose Lake Cycle" series, installed on the courthouse grounds, also bear protest-related markings, reflecting the broader impact of the Minneapolis Uprising on the urban environment.

FEDS OFF OUR STREET graffiti — *July 25, 2020* — Graffiti reading "FEDS OFF OUR STREET" is visible on the pavement outside the US Federal Courthouse in Downtown Minneapolis. This message emerged during the Minneapolis Uprising, a period of widespread protests and civil unrest in 2020. The federal courthouse, a symbol of federal authority, became a focal point for expressions of dissent against government presence and actions during this time. Such markings reflect public sentiment and the charged atmosphere surrounding the events in Minneapolis.

Be Water Melt Ice — *July 25, 2020* — Graffiti covers a large log and the windows of the Warren E. Burger Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis. The messages, including 'ACAB' on the courthouse windows and 'BE WATER MY FRIEND' on the log, emerged as expressions of dissent during the Minneapolis Uprising. This federal judicial center, completed in 1966, became a significant site for public protest in May and June 2020. The spray paint can resting on the log further highlights the direct and immediate nature of these statements made within the urban environment.

Burn this written on grounds of Federal Courthouse — *July 26, 2020* — Graffiti reading "Burn This", "ACAB", and "FUCK 12" is visible on the grounds and windows of the Diana E. Murphy United States Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis. This federal judicial building, completed in 1996, serves as a central location for federal legal proceedings in the district. The messages reflect the intense public sentiment and unrest that characterized the Minneapolis Uprising, a period of significant social protest following the killing of George Floyd. The graffiti on this government building underscores the anti-establishment and anti-police sentiments prevalent during this historical period.

ACAB written on Federal Courthouse benches — *July 26, 2020* — Graffiti reading 'ACAB' and 'FUCK 12' is visible on the pavement outside the Federal Courthouse in downtown Minneapolis. This graffiti emerged during a period of widespread protests and civil unrest in Minneapolis, particularly following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. Federal courthouses, as symbols of the justice system, often become focal points for public expression during protests concerning legal and social issues. The phrases 'ACAB' (All Cops Are Bastards) and 'FUCK 12' are anti-police slogans commonly used in protests against police brutality and systemic injustice.

Abolish the police and autozone them again graffiti — *July 26, 2020* — Graffiti covers a wall of the Hennepin County Medical Examiner building in downtown Minneapolis. The spray-painted messages include "Abolish the police" and "AutoZone them again," referencing the burning of the AutoZone building during the 2020 Minneapolis Uprising. The AutoZone fire was one of the first major acts of property destruction during the widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the murder of George Floyd. As the official body responsible for investigating deaths in Hennepin County, including those involving law enforcement, the Medical Examiner's office became a site for expressions of public dissent and calls for systemic change.

Graffiti on Vikings ship in Downtown Minneapolis. — *July 26, 2020* — Graffiti reading 'Fuck Redskins Owner' is visible on the Minnesota Vikings ship sculpture outside US Bank Stadium in Downtown Minneapolis. This act of vandalism occurred prior to a game between the Minnesota Vikings and the Washington Redskins, drawing attention to the long-standing controversy surrounding the Washington NFL team's name. The ship sculpture is a distinctive architectural feature of US Bank Stadium, which opened in 2016. Located in Downtown Minneapolis, the stadium serves as the home of the Minnesota Vikings and a major venue for sports and entertainment events.

Still time to riot at US Bank Stadium — *July 26, 2020* — Graffiti reading 'Still time to riot' marks a concrete wall at US Bank Stadium in Downtown Minneapolis. This message, along with other protest-related inscriptions visible nearby, emerged during the Minneapolis Uprising of 2020. The multi-purpose stadium, completed in 2016, is the home of the Minnesota Vikings and a significant venue for major events in the city. The presence of such messages on public infrastructure underscores the period of intense social and political unrest that impacted Minneapolis.

Everybody hates the police graffiti — *July 26, 2020* — Graffiti reading “Everybody Hates the Police” is visible on the windows of a building in downtown Minneapolis. This message emerged during the Minneapolis Uprising, a period of widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the killing of George Floyd in May 2020. The shattered window pane and concrete barriers in the background indicate the damage and security measures present in the area during this historically significant time. Such graffiti served as a direct expression of public sentiment and a visual record of the social and political climate in the city. It reflects the intense public discourse and community response to events that reshaped the urban landscape and social consciousness of Minneapolis.

Graffiti equals a voice and ACAB graffiti — *July 26, 2020* — Concrete barricades in Downtown Minneapolis display graffiti, including the phrase 'Graffiti = A Voice,' alongside construction banners for Hennepin Healthcare. These barricades, often used for security or to delineate construction zones, became a canvas for public expression during the Minneapolis Uprising, reflecting a period of civil unrest and protest. Messages such as 'ACAB' and an anarchy symbol, alongside the statement 'Graffiti = A Voice,' underscore the role of street art as a form of dissent and communication in urban environments. The presence of Mortenson Construction branding on the barricades and Hennepin Healthcare banners above suggests an active construction site where temporary infrastructure intersected with public discourse.

Housing is a human right graffiti on a building — *July 26, 2020* — Graffiti expressing messages such as "Stolen Land," "Evictions Are Violence," and "Housing Is A Human Right" is visible on a wall of the Hennepin County Medical Center in Downtown Minneapolis. These messages reflect themes of housing insecurity and social justice that gained prominence during the Minneapolis Uprising and subsequent protests in the city. As a major public hospital, Hennepin County Medical Center serves a diverse population in Minneapolis, making its exterior a visible site for public commentary on social issues. The phrases highlight ongoing discussions about land ownership, the right to housing, and systemic inequalities within urban environments.

We are rebuilding sign — *July 27, 2020* — Rebuilding efforts are underway on Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis, as indicated by a sign from Wellington Management. This particular block suffered substantial arson damage during the civil unrest that occurred in the city. The sign thanks various community organizations, including the Longfellow Business Association and Lake Street Council, for their support and generosity in the redevelopment process. This initiative reflects a collaborative commitment to restoring and revitalizing the urban environment following the historical events.

Melted wendy’s sign after Minneapolis riots — *July 27, 2020* — The melted and torn sign of a Wendy's restaurant stands on Minnehaha Avenue in South Minneapolis. This damage resulted from arson during the widespread protests and civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020, death of George Floyd. The restaurant was among numerous businesses in the area that sustained significant damage or were destroyed during this period. Above the damaged Wendy's sign, a new sign for 'Quruxley Restaurant' is visible, indicating a change in tenancy or rebuilding efforts at the site.

AutoZone building lot cleared — *July 27, 2020* — The AutoZone sign stands over a cleared lot at the intersection of East Lake Street and Minnehaha Avenue in Minneapolis. This site was formerly home to the AutoZone store, which was the first building to burn during the civil unrest that followed the May 25, 2020 death of George Floyd. The cleared ground marks a significant location in the events that unfolded across the city, particularly near the Minneapolis Police 3rd Precinct. The remaining sign serves as a stark reminder of the widespread damage and subsequent rebuilding efforts in the area.

1st Precinct Police Station with painted concrete barricades — *July 28, 2020* — The Minneapolis Police First Precinct police station in downtown Minneapolis is fortified with concrete blocks. These security measures were implemented following the widespread protests and civil unrest that occurred in Minneapolis in May 2020, sparked by the murder of George Floyd. The concrete blocks serve as a protective barrier for the station, which is a critical piece of civic infrastructure responsible for law enforcement operations in the city's central district. The presence of these barricades reflects a period of heightened security and ongoing community tensions in the urban environment.

Fellow Brother George Floyd — *July 28, 2020* — A paper sign bearing an image of George Floyd and the text 'FELLOW BROTHER GEORGE FLOYD' is affixed to the wooden facade of a business in Minneapolis. This memorial emerged in the aftermath of Floyd's killing in May 2020, becoming a widespread form of public expression during the subsequent protests and the Minneapolis Uprising. Such signs served to honor Floyd and articulate demands for justice within the urban landscape. Positioned alongside a video surveillance warning, the sign reflects the charged atmosphere and community responses in the city during this significant historical period.

Calvin Horton Jr. Vigil, Powderhorn Encampment Clearing and Murals

Minneapolis Photographer