Aerial View of the Fergus Falls Kirkbride Building’s Stepped Wings

The Kirkbride Building at the former Fergus Falls State Hospital opened in 1890, designed by architect Warren B. Dunnell following the Kirkbride Plan championed by psychiatrist Thomas Story Kirkbride. That model called for a central administration building flanked by stepped-back wings, a layout meant to give patients access to light and air while separating wards by sex and severity of illness. The complex operated as a state psychiatric hospital into the 20th century before continuing as the Fergus Falls Regional Treatment Center, serving the region's mental health needs until state operations wound down in the early 2000s. Built largely of local granite and brick, the building stretches roughly a third of a mile end to end, making it one of the longest Kirkbride structures ever constructed. It's listed on the National Register of Historic Places.